SIGILLVM . CIV1VM . ROFENSIS. The reverse has the same legend repeated round the scene of the Crucifixion of St Andrew. Other corporation seals are covered with small figures under elaborate canopy work, much like those of the ecclesiastical foundations.

Seals of hospitals are often designed in a similar way, with a representation of the hospital building very minutely treated. In the 15th century seals began to be designed in a rather pictorial style, which, though very graceful, is inferior to the earlier and more architect, onic class. Very were used by state officials : those of the lord high ad-miral of England are especially fine, from the beautiful form of the ship on the ob-verse. Fig. 6 shows that of the earl of Huntingdon, who was lord high ad-miral in the reign of Henry 'VIII. In design it resembles those of the admirals of the previous century. On the sails are embroidered the royal arms of England.

Among private seals those of powerful barons are often large and very beautifully cut. Fig. 7 shows a silver matrix, now in the British Museum, which is remarkable for the great beauty of its -workmanship. Its legend is