Index - A

Acid rain
     allowance trading, 137
     aquatic systems, effect on, 132-133
     birds, effect on, 134-135
     ecosystems, effect on, 132t
     factors affecting deposition, 130-131
     fish, effect on, 133t
     forest health, 176
     health effects, 132t, 135
     measuring, 129, 130(f7.2)
     nitrogen oxide emissions, 137-138
     politics and policy, 135
     public opinion, 139, 139t
     rainfall pH measurements, 131f
     recovery assessment, 138-139
     reduction program, 136-137
     soil and vegetation, effects on, 133-134, 133f, 134f
     sources, 129-130, 130(f7.1)
     sulfur oxide allowances, 137(f7.6)
     sulfur oxide emissions, 137-138, 137(f7.7)

Acid Rain: Emissions Trends and Effects in the Eastern United States (EPA and GAO), 138

Acid Rain Program, 2002 Progress Report (EPA), 137-138

Acid Rain Revisited (Hubbard Brook Research Foundation), 138-139

Active solar systems, 205-206, 205f

Activism, environmental
     birth of, 1
     decline in interest, 2-3
     ecoterrorism, 8
     World Trade Organization policies, 11

African-Americans. See Black/African-Americans

African elephants, 186

Agent Orange, 146

In re Agent Orange Product Liability Litigation, 146

Agriculture
     Amazon rain forests, 170-171
     farm acres by crop, 150f
     fertilizers, 149-150
     organic foods, 165-166
     pesticides, 142, 146
     soil erosion, 181-182
     wetlands, 178

Agriculture, U.S. Department of
     Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), 181-182
     organic foods, 165-166

AGU (American Geophysical Union), 25

Air movement and acid rain deposition, 130

Air quality
     air pollutants, health risks, and sources, 86t
     Air Quality Index (AQI), 80-81, 82(t 5.1)
     air toxins, 85-86, 86f
     airplanes, 94-95, 96f
     alternative fuels, 91-94, 91t, 92t, 93f, 94f, 94t, 95t
     automobile ownership, 86-87, 87f
     carbon monoxide pollution, 75-76, 76f, 77(f5.3)
     catalytic converters, 88-89
     Clear Skies proposal, 98
     corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards, 89-90
     costs of pollution, 95-96
     developing countries, 98
     emissions reduction, 95
     forest fires, 98-99
     forest health, 175-176
     fuel economy, 89-91, 90(f5.21)
     indoor air toxins, 161-162
     lead emissions, 77, 77(f5.4), 78(f5.5)
     major pollutants, 75
     National Ambient Air Quality Standards levels, 85(f5.17)
     nitrogen dioxide emissions, 77-78, 78(f5.6), 79(f5.7)
     ozone, 78-81, 80f, 81f, 82t, 97-98
     particulate matter, 81-84, 83f, 84(f5.14)
     pollution credits, 97
     pollution sources, 116f
     primary pollutants, 85, 86t
     public opinion, 99, 99t, 100f
     reformulated gasoline, 87-88
     sulfur dioxide, 84-85, 84(f5.15), 85(f5.16)
     utility deregulation, 98
     volatile organic compounds emissions, 79(f5.8)
     See also Clean Air Act; Clean Air Act Amendments

Air Quality Index (AQI), 80-81, 82(t 5.1)

Air toxins, 85-86, 86f

Airplanes, 94-95, 96f, 163

Alaskan mineral and oil resources, 187-188, 188f, 189, 190f

Aleklett, Kjell, 34

Alliance of Small Island States, 38

Allowance trading, 137

Alternative fuels. See Renewable energy

Aluminum containers, 63

Amazon rain forests, 170-171

American Cancer Society, 44-45

American Geophysical Union (AGU), 25

America's Forests: 2003 Health Update, 171, 172

Anniston, Alabama, 7

Antarctica
     mineral and oil resources, 188-189
     ozone hole over, 45f

Anthrax, 166

Antiregulation, 5, 97-98

ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge), 188, 188f, 189, 190f

Aquaculture, 187

Aquifers, 107-108, 120

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), 188, 188f, 189, 190f

Arizona public lands, 176

Arrhenius, Svante, 23-24

Arsenic, 121

Asbestos, 151-152, 153(f8.6)

Asia, 139

Asthma, 80

Automobiles. See Motor vehicles