California Department of Health Services
cost of overweight/obesity, 102
"5-a-Day for Better Health" program, 142-143
population-based prevention program led by, 138-139
Caloric restriction (CR), 134-135
Calorie reduction, 126
Calories
Americans' consumption of, 76
consumption increase, 11
dietary cholesterol intake as percent of total calories, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, 79 (f5.4)
dietary sodium intake as percent of total calories, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, 80f
dieting history and, 71-72
diets, failure of, 128-130
fat free or reduced fat vs. regular, 87t
food exchange list, 85t
low-calorie diets, 78-79
low-calorie diets and longevity, 134-135
low calorie, lower fat alternatives, 86t
low-fat diets, 81-82
myths/facts, 126
physical activity decrease and, 89
portion size and, 13
reduced calorie menus, sample, Asian American cuisine—reduced calorie, 83(t 5.7)
reduced calorie menus, sample, Lactoovo vegetarian cuisine, reduced calorie, 84 (t 5.9)
reduced calorie menus, sample, Mexican American cuisine—reduced calorie, 84 (t 5.8)
reduced calorie menus, sample, Southern cuisine-reduced calorie, 83(t 5.6)
reduced calorie menus, sample, traditional American cuisine—1,200 calories, 81t
reduced calorie menus, sample, traditional American cuisine—1,600 calories, 82t
saturated fat intake as percent of total calories, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, 79 (f5.3)
total calorie intake, major sources of calories, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, 76f
weight-loss diets and, 78
Calories Don't Count (Taller), 73
The Cambridge Diet (Howard), 75
Cancer
birth weight and risk of, 4-5
cost related to obesity, 103
health risk from overweight/obesity, 38-39
Caplan, Arthur, 109
Cap'n Crunch Smashed Berries cereal, 59
Carbohydrates
in Americans' diets, 76
in dieting history, 72, 73-76
low-carbohydrate diet myth/facts, 125-126
low-carbohydrate diets, 71, 79-81
low-fat vs. low-carbohydrate diets, 82-87
public opinion poll on low-fat vs. lowcarb diet, July 2002, 167f
starchy foods, myth/facts, 127
total calorie intake, major sources of calories, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, 76f
Cardiovascular disease, atherosclerotic, 64
Cardiovascular system
health risk from overweight/obesity, 32-35
process used to assess/treat overweight individuals, 36f
Carmona, Richard H., 137
CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy), 47
CDC. See Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention Center for Consumer Freedom, 114
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), 59-60
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2f,3t,4t, 10, 153f
funding for physical activity and nutrition programs to address chronic diseases and obesity, fiscal year 2002, 152f
overweight children/adolescents by sex and race-ethnic group, percentage of, 1988-94, 54, 54t
overweight/obesity prevalence data, 10
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System, 54-56, 54 (f4.5), 57 (f4.6), 57 (f4.7)
Physical Activity and Good Nutrition: Essential Elements to Prevent Chronic Diseases and Obesity at a Glance 2003, 137
state prevention initiatives funded by, 144-147
Childhood obesity
increase of, 1
support for prevention of, 163
See also Children/adolescents, overweight/obesity
Children
advertising aimed at, 111
"5-a-Day for Better Health" program, 142
food industry advertising to, 15
mothers assessment of children's weight, 160-161
prevention of eating disorders, 48, 49 (t 3.3)
snack food choices of, 143
weight-based discrimination, 118
Children/adolescents, overweight/obesity
age, body mass index, percentile, 51t
blame for, 164-165
blood pressure levels for the 90th and 95th percentiles of blood pressure for boys ages 1 to 17 years, 62t
blood pressure levels for the 90th and 95th percentiles of blood pressure for girls ages 1 to 17 years, 63t
body mass index percentiles by age, boys aged 2 to 20 years, 52f
body mass index percentiles by age, girls aged 2 to 20 years, 53f
cholesterol levels in high-risk children/adolescents, National Cholesterol Education Program classification of, 66t
eating disorders and, 68-69
health risks/consequences, 61-65
in "Hearts N' Parks" program, 144
high school students not engaging in recommended amounts of physical activity (neither moderate nor vigorous), by grade and sex, 2001, 58f
hospital costs of childhood/adolescent obesity, 104
infant/child health advance, concerns, percent change 1992 to 2001, 54 (f4.5)
intervention/treatment of, 66-67
nutritional indications of children aged >5 years, state-specific prevalence of selected, 56t
overweight children/adolescents 6-19 years of age, according to sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, selected years 1963-65 through 1999-2000, 55t
overweight children/adolescents by sex and race-ethnic group, percentage of, 1988-94, 54t
overweight, number of, 54-56
overweight, prevalence of, risk of, among children aged 2 to 5 years, by race/ethnicity, 57 (f4.6)
overweight, prevalence of, risk of, among children aged 2 to 5 years, by race/ethnicity, 1992-2001, 57 (f4.7)
overweight, reasons for number of, 57-61
overweight trends: body mass index > 95th percentile, selected periods 1963-70 through 1999, 54 (f4.4)
physical education, percentage of schools that require, by grade, 2000, 61f
prevalence among, 51-53, 51f
screening/assessment of, 65-66
screening procedure, recommended overnight, 65f
states and districts requiring health education topics to be taught in at least one school level and schools at each level requiring each topic to be taught, by topic, percentage of, 2000, 61t
weight management recommendations for children/adolescents 2-20 years old, 66f
Chips, 13
Chlebowski, Rowan, 39
Cholesterol
Americans' consumption of, 76
dietary cholesterol intake as percent of total calories, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000, 79 (f5.4)
health risk from overweight/obesity, 32-33
National Cholesterol Education Program classification of cholesterol levels in high-risk children/adolescents, 66t
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III: Age-adjusted prevalence of high blood cholesterol according to body mass index, 32 (f2.2)
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III: Age-adjusted prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol according to body mass index, 32 (f2.3)
physical activity and, 90
trans-fat and, 114
Cigarette smoking
dieting and, 69
fear of obesity and, 121
obesity as disease and, 24
obesity cost vs. cost of, 103, 104
"Clinical Spectrum of Obesity and Mutations in the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene" (Farooqi), 26
Clinically severe obesity, surgery for, 95-96
Coca-Cola, 118
Coffin, plus-size, 110
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), 47
Colas. See Soft drinks
Collie, Vickie, 50
Colon cancer, 103
Colorado, fitness culture in, 147-148
"Colorado on the Move" program, 147
Colorado Physical Activity and Nutrition Program, 147
Colorectal cancer, 39
Commercial weight-loss program, self-help program vs., 97-98
Common Sense Consumption Act (S.1428), 114, 116
Community, prevention efforts in, 138
The Complete Scarsdale Diet (Tarnower), 75
Complex carbohydrates, 79, 80
Compliance Guidelines to Prohibit Weight and Height Discrimination, 120
"Composition of Gestational Weight Gain Impacts Maternal Fat Retention and Infant Birth Weight" (Butte), 5
"Conflict theory", 121
Congestive heart failure, 34
Consumer movement, promotion of size/weight acceptance, 122-123
Consumers, weight-loss schemes and, 130, 132-134
Corn syrup
overweight from, 15-16
per capita caloric sweeteners, estimated deliveries for domestic food and beverage use, by calendar year, 1966-2002, 17t
Cornell University, 40
Coronary artery disease, 34
Cost, 23, 24
See also Economics of overweight and obesity
Council on Size & Weight Discrimination, Inc., 123
Counseling, weight-loss, 96-100
"Counterpunch: Critic's Argument for Heftier Dancers Is Thin" (Bentley), 120-121
CR (caloric restriction), 134-135
Craig, Jenny, 75
Creamer, Anita, 126
Critser, Greg, 15-16
CSPI (Center for Science in the Public Interest), 59-60
Culture
eating disorders origins and, 44
influence on overweight/obesity, 31-32
prevention of eating disorders and, 48-50
Cutler, David, 13-14
Cyclamate, 73, 73t
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