Economic Sectors - Transportation And Utilities

The transportation and utilities supersector comprises businesses that transport passengers or cargo by air, rail, water, road, or pipeline. The sector also includes businesses that provide storage of goods and that support transportation activities. Also tracked in this sector are private enterprises that generate, transmit, or distribute such utilities as electric power, natural gas, and water.

TABLE 2.2

Professional, scientific, and technical services—Estimated revenue for taxable employer firms, 1998–2003
[Estimates are based on data from the 2003 Service Annual Survey and administrative data. Estimates for 2002 and prior years have been revised to reflect historical corrections to individual responses. Dollar volume estimates are published in millions of dollars; consequently results may not be additive. Except where indicated, estimates have been adjusted using results of the 1997 Economic Census]
NAICS code	Kind of business	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998
1Estimates for NAICS 541191 (title abstract and settlement offices), not shown separately, have not been adjusted using the results of the 1997 Economic Census.
2Estimates have not been adjusted using the results of the 1997 Economic Census.
3Includes NAICS 54134 (drafting services), NAICS 54135 (building inspection services), NAICS 54136 (geophysical surveying and mapping services), and NAICS 54137 (surveying and mapping (except geophysical) services).
4Includes NAICS 54142 (industrial design services), NAICS 54143 (graphic design services), and NAICS 54149 (other specialized design services).
5Includes NAICS 54183 (media buying agencies), NAICS 54184 (media representatives), NAICS 54187 (advertising material distribution services), and NAICS 54189 (other services related to advertising).
Note: Estimates cover taxable firms and are not adjusted for price changes. The introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality.
SOURCE: "Table 6.1. Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (except Notaries and Landscape Architectural Services) (NAICS 54)–Estimated Revenue for Taxable Employer Firms 1998 through 2003," in Service Annual Survey, http://www.census.gov/svsd/www/sas54.html (accessed February 20, 2005)
54	Professional, scientific, and technical services (except notaries and landscape architectural services)	864,537	833,575	827,164	793,828	717,935	651,998
5411	Legal services (except notaries)	187,507	169,257	161,340	151,082	144,912	136,228
54111	Offices of lawyers	178,950	162,742	155,263	145,617	139,330	130,749
54119	Other legal services1	8,557	6,515	6,077	5,465	5,581	5,479
5412	Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	80,640	78,424	77,960	73,561	66,782	61,864
541211	Offices of certified public accountants	52,762	53,493	54,747	50,487	46,486	43,632
541213	Tax preparation services	4,233	3,911	3,567	3,171	2,912	2,579
541214	Payroll services2	13,249	11,646	10,956	11,633	10,238	8,954
541219	Other accounting services	10,397	9,374	8,690	8,270	7,148	6,700
5413	Architectural, engineering, and related services (except landscape architectural services)	168,828	166,114	165,179	157,404	140,287	131,220
54131	Architectural services	26,685	25,084	26,554	24,867	22,207	20,691
54133	Engineering services	123,610	122,956	121,852	117,740	104,093	96,390
54138	Testing laboratories	9,166	9,085	8,147	7,383	7,178	7,274
5413x	Other related services3	9,367	8,989	8,627	7,414	6,809	6,866
5414	Specialized design services	18,274	17,311	18,133	18,276	16,478	15,512
54141	Interior design services	6,519	6,103	5,997	5,911	5,452	5,232
5414x	All other design services4	11,755	11,208	12,135	12,364	11,027	10,280
5415	Computer systems design and related services	168,792	171,111	180,873	184,415	162,811	137,312
541511	Custom computer programming services	55,731	57,634	62,860	67,103	60,100	49,140
541512	Computer systems design services2	85,019	86,502	89,209	91,391	79,904	70,639
541513	Computer facilities management services2	16,589	16,413	18,738	16,071	14,925	11,768
541519	Other computer related services	11,454	10,562	10,066	9,850	7,882	5,765
5416	Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	108,223	104,022	98,079	88,540	79,973	72,902
54161	Management consulting services	88,939	87,182	82,498	74,797	67,905	61,361
54162	Environmental consulting services2	9,948	8,728	7,822	7,022	6,332	5,776
54169	Other scientific and technical consulting services	9,337	8,113	7,759	6,721	5,737	5,765
5417	Scientific research and development services	44,937	42,917	38,796	33,221	28,743	25,508
54171	Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences	42,891	41,016	37,091	31,657	27,300	24,237
54172	Research and development in the social sciences and humanities	2,046	1,901	1,704	1,564	1,443	1,271
5418	Advertising and related services	66,689	64,535	66,753	68,267	60,436	55,404
54181	Advertising agencies	26,094	24,589	24,780	25,149	21,253	18,634
54182	Public relations agencies	7,466	7,348	7,290	7,699	6,061	5,419
54185	Display advertising	6,642	6,226	6,081	6,409	5,960	5,320
54186	Direct mail advertising	10,112	10,013	10,198	9,830	9,415	9,078
5418x	All other advertising5	16,375	16,360	18,405	19,181	17,747	16,953
5419	Other professional, scientific, and technical services (except veterinary services)	20,647	19,884	20,052	19,062	17,512	16,049
54191	Marketing research and public opinion polling	9,019	8,834	9,257	9,478	8,936	7,878
54192	Photographic services	6,091	5,883	6,125	6,000	5,783	5,822
541921	Photography studios, portrait	3,989	3,885	3,903	3,796	3,782	3,849
541922	Commercial photography	2,102	1,998	2,223	2,204	2,001	1,973
54193	Translation and interpretation services	672	609	590	563	521	484
54199	All other professional, scientific, and technical services	4,865	4,558	4,079	3,021	2,272	1,867

Transportation and Warehousing, NAICS 48–49

AIR TRANSPORTATION. Air transportation includes both passenger airlines and air cargo companies. According to the BEA in Annual Industry Accounts, the air transportation industry generated gross output of $116.8 billion in business during 2003. (See Table 2.1.) The Air Transport Association of America, an industry advocacy group formed in 1936, reported in The Airline Handbook (www.airlines.org) that 75% of air transportation revenue comes from passengers, 15% is derived from cargo fees, and 10% is drawn from other sources. The Bureau of Transportation Statistics reported online (www.bts.gov) that in 2003, 646,523 passengers boarded U.S. planes. Approximately 559,000 people held wage and salaried positions within the air transportation sector in 2003, according to Career Guide to Industries: 2004–05 Edition.

TABLE 2.3

Other services (NAICS 81)—Estimated revenue for employer firms, 1998–2003
[Estimates are based on data from the 2003 Service Annual Survey and administrative data. Estimates for 2002 and prior years have been revised to reflect historical corrections to individual responses. Dollar volume estimates are published in millions of dollars; consequently results may not be additive. Except where indicated, estimates have been adjusted using results of the 1997 Economic Census]
NAICS code	Kind of business	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998
1Estimates have not been adjusted using the results of the 1997 Economic Census.
2Estimates for NAICS 813211 (grantmaking foundations), not shown separately, have not been adjusted using the results of the 1997 Economic Census.
Note: Estimates cover taxable (all NAICS 811 and 812 industries) and tax-exempt (all NAICS 813 industries) firms and are not adjusted for price changes.
SOURCE: "Table 10.1. Other Services (NAICS 81)—Estimated Revenue for Employer Firms: 1998 through 2003," in Service Annual Survey, http://www.census.gov/svsd/www/sas81-1.pdf (accessed February 20, 2005)
81	Other services (except public administration, religious, labor, and political organizations, and private households)	337,577	325,504	325,966	322,475	304,208	288,348
811	Repair and maintenance	136,533	131,537	130,632	125,210	119,478	114,753
8111	Automotive repair and maintenance	79,827	76,407	77,680	74,292	70,492	67,335
81111	Automotive mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance	41,299	39,228	40,781	38,690	36,933	35,767
811111	General automotive repair	33,847	31,813	33,112	31,051	29,127	27,633
811112	Automotive exhaust system repair	1,938	1,947	1,978	1,782	1,855	1,918
811113	Automotive transmission repair	2,403	2,416	2,547	2,492	2,443	2,468
811118	Other automotive mechanical and electrical repair and maintenance	3,112	3,051	3,143	3,365	3,507	3,748
81112	Automotive body, paint, interior, and glass repair	26,807	25,845	25,954	25,393	23,969	22,789
811121	Automotive body, paint, and interior repair and maintenance	23,440	22,353	22,322	21,933	20,404	19,320
811122	Automotive glass replacement shops	3,367	3,492	3,632	3,459	3,565	3,470
81119	Other automotive repair and maintenance	11,721	11,334	10,945	10,209	9,590	8,778
811191	Automotive oil change and lubrication shops	4,001	3,899	3,597	3,301	2,988	2,938
811192	Car washes	6,402	6,077	5,953	5,540	5,269	4,625
811198	All other automotive repair and maintenance	1,317	1,358	1,395	1,369	1,333	1,216
8112	Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance	17,836	18,001	18,008	17,572	17,355	16,247
811211	Consumer electronics repair and maintenance	1,535	1,564	1,590	1,621	1,490	1,517
811212	Computer and office machine repair and maintenance	9,057	9,625	10,022	9,946	10,231	9,593
811213	Communication equipment repair and maintenance	2,443	2,484	2,267	2,153	1,871	1,710
811219	Other electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance1	4,801	4,327	4,128	3,852	3,763	3,427
8113	Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment (except electronic) repair and maintenance	25,787	24,232	22,217	20,753	19,315	19,381
8114	Personal and household goods repair and maintenance	13,083	12,898	12,728	12,594	12,316	11,790
81141	Home and garden equipment and appliance repair and maintenance	5,873	5,765	5,457	5,413	5,428	5,116
81142	Reupholstery and furniture repair	1,724	1,716	1,662	1,667	1,575	1,445
81143	Footwear and leather goods repair	243	251	250	256	266	260
81149	Other personal and household goods repair and maintenance	5,243	5,167	5,360	5,258	5,047	4,969
812	Personal and laundry services	73,758	72,586	70,876	68,798	65,103	61,893
8121	Personal care services	19,996	19,124	17,838	17,150	15,936	15,322
81211	Hair, nail, and skin care services	15,670	15,133	14,461	14,225	13,172	12,775
812111	Barber shops	503	510	477	482	470	443
812112	Beauty salons	14,011	13,707	13,225	13,101	12,168	11,822
812113	Nail salons	1,156	916	759	642	534	510
81219	Other personal care services	4,326	3,991	3,377	2,925	2,764	2,547
812191	Diet and weight reducing centers	2,036	1,798	1,480	1,271	1,333	1,229
812199	All other personal care services	2,291	2,193	1,897	1,654	1,431	1,318
8122	Death care services	14,940	13,887	13,791	13,268	13,332	13,175
81221	Funeral homes and funeral services	12,197	11,216	11,047	10,434	10,442	10,335
81222	Cemeteries and crematories	2,743	2,671	2,745	2,834	2,890	2,841
8123	Drycleaning and laundry services	20,548	21,490	21,536	20,972	20,090	18,929
81231	Coin-operated laundries and drycleaners	3,485	3,722	3,726	3,615	3,236	2,931
81232	Drycleaning and laundry services (except coin-operated)	7,564	8,063	8,122	8,150	7,919	7,521
81233	Linen and uniform supply	9,499	9,705	9,688	9,207	8,935	8,478
812331	Linen supply	3,387	3,426	3,475	3,317	3,114	3,006
812332	Industrial launderers	6,112	6,279	6,214	5,889	5,821	5,472
8129	Other personal services	18,274	18,085	17,711	17,408	15,746	14,467
81292	Photofinishing	5,387	5,639	5,456	5,577	5,652	5,577
81293	Parking lots and garages	8,194	8,040	7,903	7,436	6,743	6,211
81299	All other personal services	4,693	4,406	4,352	4,394	3,351	2,679
813	Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations (except religious, labor, and political organizations)	127,286	121,381	124,457	128,467	119,627	111,702
8132	Grantmaking and giving services2	51,980	51,006	55,978	63,057	57,667	52,213
8133	Social advocacy organizations	13,166	11,668	10,871	10,438	9,882	8,877
8134	Civic and social organizations	14,173	13,043	12,526	12,175	11,408	10,908
8139	Business, professional, and other organizations (except labor and political organizations)	47,967	45,664	45,083	42,798	40,670	39,704

TRUCK TRANSPORTATION AND WAREHOUSING. The BLS estimated in Career Guide to Industries: 2004–05 Edition that the trucking industry included 28,000 local trucking establishments and 41,000 long-distance trucking companies in 2002. Another 45,000 trucking companies hauled specialized freight in 2002 that required

FIGURE 2.5

flatbeds, tankers, or refrigerated trailers. Household movers were included in the specialized freight sector. Warehousing establishments numbered approximately 13,000 in 2002 according to the BLS, including everything from industrial warehousing and refrigerated storage that held manufactured goods and food products to small self-storage units used by individuals.

About 4.2 million people were employed by transportation and warehousing businesses in 2003, according to the BLS in Current Employment Statistics. That comprised approximately 3.2% of total employment in the United States. Nonsupervisory workers in the transportation subsector worked an average 36.8 hours per week during 2003, exceeding the national average for production and nonsupervisory workers by more than three hours. The federal government limits truck drivers to no more than sixty hours of work within any seven-day period. Nonsupervisory workers in transportation tended to earn more than their counterparts in other industries, at $16.25 per hour compared to $15.35 for production and nonsupervisory workers overall. They were also more likely to remain employed, with an unemployment rate of 5.3% versus the national average of 6% in 2003.

Utilities, NAICS 22

The utilities sector includes private businesses engaged in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, natural gas, and water, including sewage and water treatment plants that are not government-owned. According to the BLS in Career Guide to Industries 2004–05 Edition, "there were about 53,400 community water systems in the United States in 2002 serving almost 268 million people." Because of the fundamental nature of utilities and their importance to society, many utility companies in rural areas are owned by local governments, primarily because the high operating costs and low return make such small utilities unprofitable and therefore less likely to find private funding. In Current Employment Statistics the BLS estimated that utilities employment averaged 580,800 per month in 2003. Putting in an average 41.1 hours per week in 2003, nonsupervisory workers in the utilities sector worked 22% more than their counterparts in American industry overall, who worked an average of 33.7 hours per week. In addition, nonsupervisory utilities workers earned an average $24.76 per hour, which is 61% higher than the average $15.35 per hour earnings of U.S. production and nonsupervisory workers overall.