Gas Energy Reserves—Oil Coal and Uranium

The EIA estimated U.S. coal reserves at 497.7 billion short tons on January 1, 2003. (See Table 7.5.) About 42% of this, 211.5 billion short tons, is underground bituminous coal. Montana, Illinois, and Wyoming have the largest coal reserves.

In addition to untapped coal reserves, large stockpiles of coal are maintained by coal producers, distributors, and major consumers (such as electric utility companies and industrial plants) to compensate for possible interruptions in supply. Although there is little seasonal change in demand for coal, supply can vary owing to factors such as coal miners' strikes and bad weather. According to the EIA's Annual Energy Review 2003 (2004), coal stockpiles totaled 163.8 million short tons in 2003. Electric utilities

TABLE 7.3

Costs of crude oil and natural gas wells drilled, 1960–2002
	Costs per well (thousand dollars)					Costs per foot (dollars)
	Crude oil	Natural gas	Dry holes	All		Crude oil	Natural gas	Dry holes	All
Year	Nominal	Nominal	Nominal	Nominal	Real*	Nominal	Nominal	Nominal	Nominal	Real*
*In chained (2000) dollars, calculated by using gross domestic product implicit price deflators.
R=Revised.
Notes: The information reported for 1965 and prior years is not strictly comparable to that in more recent surveys. Average cost is the arithmetic mean and includes all costs for drilling and equipping wells and for surface-producing facilities. Wells drilled include exploratory and development wells; excludes service wells, stratigraphic tests, and core tests.
Web Page: For related information, see http://api-ec.api.org/newsplashpage/index.cfm.
SOURCE: "Table 4.7. Costs of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Wells Drilled, 1960–2002," in Annual Energy Review 2003, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, September 7, 2004, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/aer.pdf (accessed September 28, 2004)
1960	52.2	102.7	44.0	54.9	^R261.1	13.22	18.57	10.56	13.01	^R61.83
1961	51.3	94.7	45.2	54.5	^R256.2	13.11	17.65	10.56	12.85	^R60.39
1962	54.2	97.1	50.8	58.6	^R271.8	13.41	18.10	11.20	13.31	^R61.71
1963	51.8	92.4	48.2	55.0	^R252.4	13.20	17.19	10.58	12.69	^R58.22
1964	50.6	104.8	48.5	55.8	^R252.2	13.12	18.57	10.64	12.86	^R58.11
1965	56.6	101.9	53.1	60.6	^R269.1	13.94	18.35	11.21	13.44	^R59.64
1966	62.2	133.8	56.9	68.4	^R295.1	15.04	21.75	12.34	14.95	^R64.51
1967	66.6	141.0	61.5	72.9	^R305.1	16.61	23.05	12.87	15.97	^R66.84
1968	79.1	148.5	66.2	81.5	^R327.0	18.63	24.05	12.88	16.83	^R67.56
1969	86.5	154.3	70.2	88.6	^R338.7	19.28	25.58	13.23	17.56	^R67.15
1970	86.7	160.7	80.9	94.9	^R344.6	19.29	26.75	15.21	18.84	^R68.42
1971	78.4	166.6	86.8	94.7	^R327.6	18.41	27.70	16.02	19.03	^R65.82
1972	93.5	157.8	94.9	106.4	^R352.8	20.77	27.78	17.28	20.76	^R68.82
1973	103.8	155.3	105.8	117.2	^R367.8	22.54	27.46	19.22	22.50	^R70.65
1974	110.2	189.2	141.7	138.7	^R399.5	27.82	34.11	26.76	28.93	^R83.31
1975	138.6	262.0	177.2	177.8	^R467.9	34.17	46.23	33.86	36.99	^R97.34
1976	151.1	270.4	190.3	191.6	^R476.7	37.35	49.78	36.94	40.46	^R100.66
1977	170.0	313.5	230.2	227.2	^R531.4	41.16	57.57	43.49	46.81	^R109.49
1978	208.0	374.2	281.7	280.0	^R611.8	49.72	68.37	52.55	56.63	^R123.76
1979	243.1	443.1	339.6	331.4	^R668.8	58.29	80.66	64.60	67.70	^R136.64
1980	272.1	536.4	376.5	367.7	^R680.4	66.36	95.16	73.70	77.02	^R142.52
1981	336.3	698.6	464.0	453.7	^R767.4	80.40	122.17	90.03	94.30	^R159.51
1982	347.4	864.3	515.4	514.4	^R820.0	86.34	146.20	104.09	108.73	^R173.34
1983	283.8	608.1	366.5	371.7	^R570.1	72.65	108.37	79.10	83.34	^R127.81
1984	262.1	489.8	329.2	326.5	^R482.5	66.32	88.80	67.18	71.90	^R106.27
1985	270.4	508.7	372.3	349.4	^R501.2	66.78	93.09	73.69	75.35	^R108.09
1986	284.9	522.9	389.2	364.6	^R511.7	68.35	93.02	76.53	76.88	^R107.90
1987	246.0	380.4	259.1	279.6	^R382.0	58.35	69.55	51.05	58.71	^R80.21
1988	279.4	460.3	366.4	354.7	^R468.6	62.28	84.65	66.96	70.23	^R92.78
1989	282.3	457.8	355.4	362.2	^R461.1	64.92	86.86	67.61	73.55	^R93.63
1990	321.8	471.3	367.5	383.6	^R470.2	69.17	90.73	67.49	76.07	^R93.23
1991	346.9	506.6	441.2	421.5	^R499.1	73.75	93.10	83.05	82.64	^R97.86
1992	362.3	426.1	357.6	382.6	^R442.9	69.50	72.83	67.82	70.27	^R81.35
1993	356.6	521.2	387.7	426.8	^R482.9	67.52	83.15	72.56	75.30	^R85.20
1994	409.5	535.1	491.5	483.2	^R535.4	70.57	81.90	86.60	79.49	^R88.07
1995	415.8	629.7	481.2	513.4	^R557.4	78.09	95.97	84.60	87.22	^R94.70
1996	341.0	616.0	541.0	496.1	^R528.6	70.60	98.67	95.74	88.92	^R94.74
1997	445.6	728.6	655.6	603.9	^R632.9	90.48	117.55	115.09	107.83	^R113.01
1998	566.0	815.6	973.2	769.1	^R797.2	108.88	127.94	157.79	128.97	^R133.69
1999	783.0	798.4	1,115.5	856.1	^R874.8	156.45	138.42	182.99	152.02	^R155.33
2000	593.4	756.9	1,075.4	754.6	^R754.6	125.96	138.39	181.83	142.16	^R142.16
2001	729.1	896.5	1,620.4	943.2	^R921.3	153.72	172.05	271.63	181.94	^R177.72
2002	882.8	991.9	1,673.4	1,054.2	1,014.2	194.55	175.78	284.17	195.31	187.90

TABLE 7.4

Major U.S. energy companies' expenditures for crude oil and natural gas exploration and development by region, 1974–2002
(Billion dollars¹)
	United States			Foreign
Year	Onshore	Offshore	Total	Canada	OECD Europe²	Eastern Europe and Former U.S.S.R.	Africa	Middle East	Other Eastern Hemisphere³	Other Western Hemisphere⁴	Total	Total
¹Nominal dollars.
²The European members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, and, for 1997 forward, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland.
³This region includes areas that are eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
⁴This region includes areas that are westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180° longitude and that are not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
NA=Not available.
—=Not applicable.
Notes: "Major U.S. Energy Companies" are the top publicly-owned, U.S.-based crude oil and natural gas producers and petroleum refiners that form the Financial Reporting System (FRS). Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/finance.
SOURCE: "Table 4.9. Major U.S. Energy Companies' Expenditures for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Development by Region, 1974–2002 (Billion Dollars)," in Annual Energy Review 2003, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, September 7, 2004, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/aer.pdf (accessed September 28, 2004)
1974	NA	NA	8.7	NA	NA	—	NA	NA	NA	NA	3.8	12.5
1975	NA	NA	7.8	NA	NA	—	NA	NA	NA	NA	5.3	13.1
1976	NA	NA	9.5	NA	NA	—	NA	NA	NA	NA	5.2	14.7
1977	6.7	4.0	10.7	1.5	2.5	—	0.7	0.2	0.3	0.4	5.6	16.3
1978	7.5	4.3	11.8	1.6	2.6	—	0.8	0.3	0.4	0.6	6.4	18.2
1979	13.0	8.3	21.3	2.3	3.0	—	0.8	0.2	0.5	0.8	7.8	29.1
1980	16.8	9.4	26.2	3.1	4.3	—	1.4	0.2	0.8	1.0	11.0	37.2
1981	19.9	13.0	33.0	1.8	5.0	—	2.1	0.3	1.9	1.3	12.4	45.4
1982	27.2	11.9	39.1	1.9	6.3	—	2.1	0.4	2.4	1.1	14.2	53.3
1983	16.0	11.1	27.1	1.6	4.3	—	1.7	0.5	2.0	0.6	10.7	37.7
1984	32.1	16.0	48.1	5.4	5.5	—	3.4	0.5	2.0	0.5	17.3	65.3
1985	20.0	8.5	28.5	1.9	3.7	—	1.6	0.9	1.3	0.7	10.1	38.6
1986	12.5	4.9	17.4	1.1	3.2	—	1.1	0.3	1.2	0.6	7.5	24.9
1987	9.7	4.5	14.3	1.9	3.0	—	0.8	0.4	2.8	0.5	9.2	23.5
1988	12.9	8.1	21.0	5.4	4.3	—	0.8	0.4	1.4	0.7	13.0	34.1
1989	9.0	6.0	15.0	6.3	3.5	—	1.0	0.4	2.3	0.6	14.1	29.1
1990	10.2	4.9	15.1	1.8	6.6	—	1.4	0.6	2.4	0.7	13.6	28.7
1991	9.6	4.6	14.2	1.7	6.8	—	1.5	0.5	2.4	0.7	13.7	27.9
1992	7.3	3.0	10.3	1.1	6.8	—	1.4	0.6	2.4	0.6	12.9	23.2
1993	7.2	3.7	10.9	1.6	5.5	0.3	1.5	0.7	2.5	0.6	12.5	23.5
1994	7.8	4.8	12.6	1.8	4.4	0.3	1.4	0.4	2.8	0.7	11.9	24.5
1995	7.7	4.7	12.4	1.9	5.2	0.4	2.0	0.4	2.4	0.9	13.2	25.6
1996	7.9	6.7	14.6	1.6	5.6	0.5	2.8	0.5	4.1	1.6	16.6	31.3
1997	13.0	8.8	21.8	2.0	7.1	0.6	3.0	0.6	3.0	1.6	17.9	39.8
1998	13.5	11.0	24.4	4.8	8.6	1.3	3.1	0.9	3.9	3.7	26.4	50.8
1999	6.6	6.9	13.5	2.1	4.1	0.6	3.1	0.4	3.4	3.8	17.5	31.0
2000	27.1	21.0	48.0	4.9	7.5	0.9	2.7	0.6	6.8	5.4	28.8	76.8
2001	24.2	9.6	33.9	15.3	5.4	0.9	5.5	0.7	5.0	3.1	35.9	69.8
2002	22.3	9.5	31.8	6.7	9.8	1.3	5.1	0.8	6.2	1.6	31.4	63.2

TABLE 7.5

Coal demonstrated reserve base, January 1, 2003
(Billion short tons)
		Bituminous coal		Subbituminous coal		Lignite	Total
Region and state	Anthracite	Underground	Surface	Underground	Surface	Surface¹	Underground	Surface	Total
¹Lignite resources are not mined underground in the United States.
²Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee.
³Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and Michigan.
⁴Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and South Dakota.
(s)=Less than 0.05 billion short tons.
Notes: See U.S. Coal Reserves: 1997 Update on the Web Page for a description of the methodology used to produce these data. Data represent known measured and indicated coal resources meeting minimum seam and depth criteria, in the ground as of January 1, 2003. These coal resources are not totally recoverable. Net recoverability with current mining technologies ranges from 0 percent (in far northern Alaska) to more than 90 percent. Fifty-four percent of the demonstrated reserve base of coal in the United States is estimated to be recoverable.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
Web Page: For related information, see http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelcoal.html.
SOURCE: "Table 4.11. Coal Demonstrated Reserve Base, January 1, 2003 (Billion Short Tons)," in Annual Energy Review 2003, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, September 7, 2004, http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/aer.pdf (accessed September 28, 2004)
Appalachian	7.3	71.9	23.3	0.0	0.0	1.1	75.9	27.7	103.6
Alabama	0.0	1.1	2.1	0.0	0.0	1.1	1.1	3.2	4.3
Kentucky, Eastern	0.0	1.5	9.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	9.5	11.0
Ohio	0.0	17.6	5.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	17.6	5.8	23.4
Pennsylvania	7.2	19.7	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	23.5	4.3	27.8
Virginia	0.1	1.1	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.6	1.8
West Virginia	0.0	29.7	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29.7	4.0	33.7
Other²	0.0	1.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.1	0.3	1.5
Interior	0.1	117.6	27.4	0.0	0.0	13.0	117.7	40.5	158.2
Illinois	0.0	88.1	16.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	88.1	16.6	104.6
Indiana	0.0	8.8	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.8	0.8	9.6
Iowa	0.0	1.7	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	0.5	2.2
Kentucky, Western	0.0	16.0	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	16.0	3.6	19.6
Missouri	0.0	1.5	4.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	4.5	6.0
Oklahoma	0.0	1.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.2	0.3	1.6
Texas	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12.6	0.0	12.6	12.6
Other³	0.1	0.3	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.4	1.6	2.0
Western	(s)	22.0	2.4	121.3	60.7	29.5	143.4	92.6	235.9
Alaska	0.0	0.6	0.1	4.8	0.6	(s)	5.4	0.7	6.1
Colorado	(s)	7.9	0.6	3.8	0.0	4.2	11.7	4.8	16.4
Montana	0.0	1.4	0.0	69.6	32.7	15.8	71.0	48.4	119.4
New Mexico	(s)	2.7	0.9	3.5	5.1	0.0	6.2	6.1	12.2
North Dakota	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9.2	0.0	9.2	9.2
Utah	0.0	5.3	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.3	0.3	5.5
Washington	0.0	0.3	0.0	1.0	(s)	(s)	1.3	0.0	1.4
Wyoming	0.0	3.8	0.5	38.7	22.3	0.0	42.5	22.8	65.3
Other⁴	0.0	0.0	0.0	(s)	(s)	0.4	0.0	0.4	0.4
U.S. total	7.5	211.5	53.1	121.3	60.7	43.6	336.9	160.8	497.7
States East of the Mississippi River	7.3	184.9	44.3	0.0	0.0	1.1	188.8	48.8	237.6
States West of the Mississippi River	0.1	26.6	8.7	121.3	60.7	42.5	148.1	112.0	260.1

held slightly more than 74% of this coal, and coal producers and distributors stocked another 22%.

Gas Energy Reserves—Oil Coal and Uranium - Coal

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