Guns—Injuries and Fatalities - Firearm Fatalities

Table 6.4 shows the trend since 1970 in deaths attributable to firearms by demographic characteristics of the victims. The overall death rate has generally dropped steadily from the highs of the 1970s. Firearm injuries were the second leading cause of injury deaths in the United States in 1995, surpassed only by motor vehicle-related injuries, a circumstance that had not changed in 2001.

Age

Table 6.4 provides the firearm death rates for people aged fifteen to twenty-four years, the age group most conspicuously affected by firearms deaths. The rate of 15.5 firearms–related deaths per 100,000 in 1970 in this age group rose to a high of 26.7 in 1995 before declining to 16.7 in 2001. Table 6.4 also shows very high rates of firearms deaths among elderly males. The Los Angeles Times (December 15, 2000), citing a study by the Los Angeles-based Women against Gun Violence, reported that although gun deaths were down overall in Los Angeles County in 1999 from the previous year, firearm deaths for senior citizens, including suicides, rose 14.6%. Dr. David Trader, medical director of geriatric psychiatry services at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, pointed out that loss is a characteristic of old age, including the loss of health, family, occupation, income, and friends. In a 2002 study, "Access to Firearms and Risk for Suicide in Middle-Aged and Older Adults" (American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 10, no. 4, July-August

TABLE 6.2

Firearm deaths and rates, 1968–2000 and nonfatal injury estimates, 1993–2000
Year	Deaths	Rate	Nonfatals (treated in EDs)
Note: Nonfatals are estimated based on injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments.
SOURCE: "United States Firearm Deaths and Rates per 100,000 (1968–2000) and Nonfatal Injury Estimates," in Disabilities from Guns: The Untold Costs of Spinal Cord and Traumatic Brain Injuries, The Help Network, Chicago, 2002, http://www.helpnetwork.org/pdf/SCI-TBIreportFINAL.pdf (accessed October 9, 2004)
1968	23,875	11.97
1969	24,894	12.36
1970	26,543	13.01
1971	28,422	13.74
1972	30,354	14.50
1973	31,024	14.68
1974	33,056	15.49
1975	32,852	15.25
1976	30,730	14.12
1977	32,083	14.60
1978	31,635	14.24
1979	33,019	14.70
1980	33,780	14.87
1981	34,050	14.84
1982	32,957	14.23
1983	31,099	13.30
1984	31,331	13.29
1985	31,566	13.27
1986	33,373	13.90
1987	32,895	13.58
1988	33,989	13.90
1989	34,776	14.09
1990	37,155	14.90
1991	38,317	15.20
1992	37,776	14.81
1993	39,595	15.36	104,241
1994	38,505	14.79	89,632
1995	35,957	13.68	84,188
1996	34,040	12.83	69,554
1997	32,436	12.12	64,207
1998	30,708	11.00	64,484
1999	28,874	10.60	55,087
2000	28,663	10.40	58,104
Total	1,070,329	13.75

2002), Yeates Conwell, M.D., and colleagues concluded that a handgun in the home dramatically increases the risk of suicide in men over age fifty. According to the study, in 71% of the suicides of men over sixty-five, firearms were involved. Older people who attempt suicide are five times more likely to kill themselves than younger people.

Race

Table 6.4 provides the firearm death rates for African-American males, the racial group most conspicuously affected by firearms deaths. African-American men aged twenty-five to thirty-four experienced a death rate of 145.6 per 100,000 in 1970, which declined to 77.7 per 100,000 by 2001. For African-American men aged fifteen to twenty-four, the rate fell from 97.3 per 100,000 in 1970 to 90.3 per 100,000 in 2001. There was a dramatic decrease in deaths amongst Hispanic men in all demographic ranges; for example, in Hispanic men aged twenty-five to forty-four the death rate was 42.7 per 100,000 in 1990, which fell to 19.1 per 100,000 in 2001.

FIGURE 6.2

Gender

Death rates for men and women have decreased. Table 6.4 shows that the death rate among males for firearm-related injuries fell from 24.8 in 1970 to 18.5 in 2001. For women, the rate dropped from 4.8 in 1970 to 2.8 in 2001.

International Comparison

A 1997 National Center for Health Statistics comparison of injury mortality among eleven countries provides an interesting contrast in international death rates. The eleven nations participated in a study by the International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics (Health, United States 1996–1997, 1997), a group of researchers sponsored by the CDC who work together to identify and develop issues for research on injury statistics. In 1994 the motor vehicle–related death rate among males fifteen to twenty-four years of age was forty-one per 100,000 in the United States. Compared with the selected countries, only New Zealand had a higher motor vehicle death rate than the United States, at sixty-three per 100,000 in 1992–93. France had a motor vehicle death rate similar to that of the United States.

The firearm death rate among males fifteen to twenty-four years old was fifty-four per 100,000 in the United States. This was far higher than the rate in ten other countries. The United States had a firearm death rate four-anda-half times the rates of Norway, Israel, and Canada, which averaged eleven to twelve per 100,000. Death rates in Scotland, the Netherlands, and England and Wales were the lowest, at about one per 100,000.

TABLE 6.3

Number and percentage of fatal and nonfatal injuries by intent, mechanism, and sex, 2001
	Total					Male					Female
	Fatal		Nonfatal1		Case fatality rate2	Fatal		Nonfatal1		Case fatality rate2	Fatal		Nonfatal1		Case fatality rate2
Characteristic	No.	%	No.	%		No.	%	No.	%		No.	%	No.	%
Unintentional
All unintentional	101,537	100.0	27,551,362	100.0	0.37	66,060	100.0	15,274,588	100.0	0.43	35,477	100.0	12,271,098	100.0	0.29
Cut/pierce	85	0.1	2,472,325	9.0	03	75	0.1	1,593,813	10.4	0	104	0	877,999	7.2	0
Drowning (fatal and nonfatal)	3,281	3.2	5,691	0	36.57	2,560	3.9	3,437	0	42.69	721	2.0	2,2544	0	24.23
Fall	15,019	14.8	7,836,956	28.4	0.19	8,089	12.2	3,686,549	24.1	0.22	6,930	19.5	4,148,790	33.8	0.17
Fire/burn	3,423	3.4	498,507	1.8	0.68	2,056	3.1	269,295	1.8	0.76	1,367	3.9	229,104	1.9	0.59
Gunshot	—	—	18,409	0.1	—	—	—	16,451	0.1	—	—	—	1,958	0	—
Firearm	802	0.8	8,741	0	8.40	690	1.0	7,919	0.1	8.01	112	0.3	8224	0	11.99
BB/pellet gun	—	—	9,668	0	—	—	—	8,532	0.1	—	—	—	1,1364	0	—
Machinery	648	0.6	298,859	1.1	0.22	618	0.9	254,416	1.7	0.24	30	0.1	44,418	0.4	0.07
Motor–vehicle–traffic occupant	33,396	19.0	2,959,295	10.7	1.12	21,819	19.2	1,360,355	8.9	1.58	11,577	18.5	1,598,411	13.0	0.72
Motorcyclist	4,798	4.5	198,530	0.7	2.36	4,204	6.0	175,242	1.1	2.34	594	1.6	23,288	0.2	2.49
Pedal cyclist	938	0.8	517,630	1.9	0.18	836	1.1	381,609	2.5	0.22	102	0.2	136,012	1.1	0.07
Pedestrian	6,238	6.0	170,272	0.6	3.53	4,405	6.5	97,702	0.6	4.31	1,833	5.0	72,475	0.6	2.47
Other transport	1,336	1.2	665,469	2.4	0.20	1,090	1.5	366,790	2.4	0.30	246	0.6	298,679	2.4	0.08
Natural/environmental	1,427	1.4	1,255,500	4.6	0.11	938	1.4	648,072	4.2	0.14	489	1.4	607,172	4.9	0.08
Dog bite	25	0	365,846	1.3	0.01	174	0	200,277	1.3	0.01	84	0	165,569	1.3	0
Other bite/sting	79	0.1	849,703	3.1	0.01	62	0.1	418,015	2.7	0.01	174	0.1	431,432	3.5	0
Overexertion	84	0	3,487,316	12.7	0	74	0	1,902,192	12.5	0	14	0	1,584,791	12.9	0
Poisoning	14,078	13.9	519,164	1.9	2.64	9,885	14.9	304,948	2.0	3.14	4,193	11.8	214,073	1.7	1.92
Struck by or against	898	0.9	4,610,361	16.7	0.02	803	1.2	2,937,798	19.2	0.03	95	0.3	1,671,513	13.6	0.01
Suffocation/inhalation	5,555	5.5	41,043	0.1	11.92	3,042	4.6	21,353	0.1	12.47	2,513	7.1	19,665	0.2	11.33
Other, specified	2,389	2.4	1,166,710	4.2	0.20	1,814	2.7	722,893	4.7	0.25	575	1.6	443,537	3.6	0.13
Foreign objects	—	—	708,374	2.6	—	—	—	444,292	2.9	—	—	—	263,827	2.1	—
Unknown/unspecified	7,218	7.1	829,324	3.0	0.86	3,129	4.7	531,674	3.5	0.59	4,089	11.5	296,959	2.4	1.36
Assault5
All assault	20,704	100.0	1,832,921	100.0	1.12	15,935	100.0	1,115,750	100.0	1.41	4,769	100.0	716,908	100.0	0.66
Cut/pierce	1,971	9.5	138,839	7.6	1.40	1,375	8.6	102,333	9.2	1.33	596	12.5	36,505	5.1	1.61
Gunshot	—	—	38,635	2.1	—	—	—	33,322	3.0	—	—	—	5,313	0.7	—
Firearm	11,671	56.4	35,496	1.9	24.74	9,842	61.8	31,189	2.8	23.99	1,829	38.4	4,307	0.6	29.81
BB/pellet gun	—	—	3,139	0.2	—	—	—	2,133	0.2	—	—	—	1,0064	0.1	—
Poisoning	64	0.3	7,628	0.4	0.83	37	0.2	4,378	0.4	0.84	27	0.6	3,250	0.5	0.82
Suffocation/inhalation	690	3.3	1,458	0.1	32.13	244	1.5	6684	0.1	26.75	446	9.4	7904	0.1	36.09
Struck by or against	341	1.7	1,476,961	80.6	0.02	237	1.5	881,553	79.0	0.03	104	2.2	595,170	83.0	0.02
Terrorism	2,922	14.1	—	—	—	2,220	13.9	—	—	—	702	14.7	—	—	—
Other, specified6	1,539	7.4	161,142	8.8	0.95	1,030	6.5	88,192	7.9	1.15	509	10.7	72,925	10.2	0.69
Unknown/unspecified	1,506	7.3	8,2584	0.5	15.42	950	6.0	5,304	0.5	15.19	556	11.7	2,9554	0.4	15.84
Self-harm
All self-harm	30,622	100.0	322,991	100.0	8.66	24,672	100.0	143,514	100.0	14.67	5,950	100.0	179,452	100.0	3.21
Cut/pierce	458	1.5	62,817	19.4	0.72	379	1.5	30,389	21.2	1.23	79	1.3	32,403	18.1	0.24
Fall	651	2.1	1,4344	0.4	31.22	443	1.8	9024	0.6	32.93	208	3.5	5324	0.3	28.12
Gunshot	—	—	3,0204	0.9	—	—	—	2,4734	1.7	—	—	—	5474	0.3	—
Firearm	16,869	55.1	2,9804	0.9	84.99	14,758	59.8	2,4334	1.7	85.85	2,111	35.5	5474	0.3	79.42
BB/pellet gun	—	—	404	0	—	—	—	404	0	—	—	—	04	0	—
Poisoning	5,191	17.0	215,814	66.8	2.35	2,972	12.1	84,910	59.2	3.38	2,219	37.3	130,904	72.9	1.67
Suffocation/inhalation	6,198	20.2	2,761	0.9	69.19	5,210	21.1	2,313	1.6	69.25	988	16.6	4474	0.2	68.83
Other, specified7	1,109	3.6	35,049	10.9	3.07	805	3.3	21,383	14.9	3.63	304	5.1	13,666	7.6	2.18
Unknown/unspecified	146	0.5	2,0974	0.6	6.51	105	0.4	1,1434	0.8	8.41	41	0.7	9544	0.5	4.12

1National estimates of nonfatal injuries treated in hospital emergency departments.
2Case fatality rate = (fatal injury/[fatal + nonfatal injury]) • 100.
3Zeros indicate numbers rounded to <0.1.
4Estimates might be unstable because the coefficient of variation is >30%, the number of nonfatal injuries is <1,200, or the number of fatal injuries is <20.
5Injuries of assault include injuries resulting from legal intervention.
6Other, specified, includes all types of transport, fall, overexertion, fire/burn, drowning (fatal and nonfatal), machinery, foreign body, and natural/environmental (including dog bites and other bites/stings).
7Other, specified, includes all types of transport, struck by or against, overexertion, fire/burn, drowning (fatal and nonfatal), machinery, terrorism, foreign body, and natural/environmental (including dog bites and other bites/stings).
8Other, specified, includes all types of transport, cut/pierce, fall, fire/burn, struck by or against, and suffocation/inhalation—fatal injuries only.
SOURCE: "Table 6. Number and Percentage of Fatal and Nonfatal Injuries by Intent, Mechanism, and Sex, 2001," in Morbidity and Mortality Report, vol. 53, no. SS-7, September 3, 2004, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5307.pdf (accessed October 9, 2004)
Undetermined
All undetermined	4,198	100.0	—	—	—	2,833	100.0	—	—	—	1,365	100.0	—	—	—
Drowning (fatal and nonfatal)	235	5.6	—	—	—	165	5.8	—	—	—	70	5.1	—	—	—
Gunshot	—	—	14,547	100.0	—	—	—	12,572	100.0	—	—	—	1,975	100.0	—
Firearm	231	5.5	9,480	65.2	2.38	190	6.7	8,401	66.8	2.21	41	3.0	1,0794	54.6	3.66
BB/pellet gun	—	—	5,067	34.8	—	—	—	4,171	33.2	—	—	—	8964	45.4	—
Poisoning	2,909	69.3	—	—	—	1,905	67.2	—	—	—	1,004	73.6	—	—	—
Other, specified8	533	12.7	—	—	—	361	12.7	—	—	—	172	12.6	—	—	—
Unknown/unspecified	290	6.9	—	—	—	212	7.5	—	—	—	78	5.7	—	—	—

TABLE 6.4

Death rates for firearm-related injures, by demographic characteristics, selected years 1970–2001
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age	1970	1980	1990	1995	20001	2001
All persons	Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted1	14.3	14.8	14.6	13.4	10.2	10.3
All ages, crude	13.1	14.9	14.9	13.5	10.2	10.4
Under 1 year	*	*	*	*	*	*
1–14 years	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	0.7	0.7
1–4 years	1.0	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.5
5–14 years	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.9	0.9	0.8
15–24 years	15.5	20.6	25.8	26.7	16.8	16.7
15–19 years	11.4	14.7	23.3	24.1	12.9	12.4
20–24 years	20.3	26.4	28.1	29.2	20.9	21.2
25–44 years	20.9	22.5	19.3	16.9	13.1	13.5
25–34 years	22.2	24.3	21.8	19.6	14.5	15.5
35–44 years	19.6	20.0	16.3	14.3	11.9	11.7
45–64 years	17.6	15.2	13.6	11.7	10.0	10.3
45–54 years	18.1	16.4	13.9	12.0	10.5	10.5
55–64 years	17.0	13.9	13.3	11.3	9.4	10.1
65 years and over	13.8	13.5	16.0	14.1	12.2	12.4
65–74 years	14.5	13.8	14.4	12.8	10.6	10.9
75–84 years	13.4	13.4	19.4	16.3	13.9	14.3
85 years and over	10.2	11.6	14.7	14.4	14.2	12.8
Male
All ages, age adjusted1	24.8	25.9	26.1	23.8	18.1	18.5
All ages, crude	22.2	25.7	26.2	23.6	17.8	18.2
Under 1 year	*	*	*	*	*	*
1–14 years	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.3	1.1	1.0
1–4 years	1.2	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.4	0.5
5–14 years	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.9	1.4	1.2
15–24 years	26.4	34.8	44.7	46.5	29.4	29.6
15–19 years	19.2	24.5	40.1	41.6	22.4	21.8
20–24 years	35.1	45.2	49.1	51.5	37.0	37.7
25–44 years	34.1	38.1	32.6	28.4	22.0	22.8
25–34 years	36.5	41.4	37.0	33.2	24.9	26.7
35–44 years	31.6	33.2	27.4	23.6	19.4	19.2
45–64 years	31.0	25.9	23.4	20.0	17.1	17.6
45–54 years	30.7	27.3	23.2	20.1	17.6	17.8
55–64 years	31.3	24.5	23.7	19.8	16.3	17.4
65 years and over	29.7	29.7	35.3	30.7	26.4	26.8
65–74 years	29.5	27.8	28.2	25.1	20.3	21.1
75–84 years	31.0	33.0	46.9	37.8	32.2	32.8
85 years and over	26.2	34.9	49.3	47.1	44.7	40.2
Female
All ages, age adjusted1	4.8	4.7	4.2	3.8	2.8	2.8
All ages, crude	4.4	4.7	4.3	3.8	2.8	2.8
Under 1 year	*	*	*	*	*	*
1–14 years	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.3	0.4
1–4 years	0.9	0.5	0.5	0.5	*	0.4
5–14 years	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.4	0.4
15–24 years	4.8	6.1	6.0	5.9	3.5	3.2
15–19 years	3.5	4.6	5.7	5.6	2.9	2.6
20–24 years	6.4	7.7	6.3	6.1	4.2	3.8
25–44 years	8.3	7.4	6.1	5.5	4.2	4.2
25–34 years	8.4	7.5	6.7	5.8	4.0	4.0
35–44 years	8.2	7.2	5.4	5.2	4.4	4.3
45–64 years	5.4	5.4	4.5	3.9	3.4	3.4
45–54 years	6.4	6.2	4.9	4.2	3.6	3.5
55–64 years	4.2	4.6	4.0	3.5	3.0	3.3
65 years and over	2.4	2.5	3.1	2.8	2.2	2.2
65–74 years	2.8	3.1	3.6	3.0	2.5	2.4
75–84 years	1.7	1.7	2.9	2.8	2.0	2.2
85 years and over	*	1.3	1.3	1.8	1.7	1.3

The firearm death rate among males fifteen to twenty-four in the United States was 32% higher than the motor vehicle death rate. In no other comparison country did the firearm death rate exceed the motor vehicle death rate.

In the United States, 63% of the firearm deaths among males in this age group were homicides, and 30% were suicides. In no other country, except the Netherlands, were

White male2	Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted1	19.7	22.1	22.0	20.1	15.9	16.3
All ages, crude	17.6	21.8	21.8	19.9	15.6	16.2
1–14 years	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.0	0.9
15–24 years	16.9	28.4	29.5	30.8	19.6	19.5
25–44 years	24.2	29.5	25.7	23.2	18.0	18.9
25–34 years	24.3	31.1	27.8	25.2	18.1	19.9
35–44 years	24.1	27.1	23.3	21.2	17.9	18.0
45–64 years	27.4	23.3	22.8	19.5	17.4	18.3
65 years and over	29.9	30.1	36.8	32.2	28.2	28.6
Black or African American male2
All ages, age adjusted1	70.8	60.1	56.3	49.2	34.2	34.5
All ages, crude	60.8	57.7	61.9	52.9	36.1	36.4
1–14 years	5.3	3.0	4.4	4.4	1.8	1.6
15–24 years	97.3	77.9	138.0	138.7	89.3	90.3
25–44 years	126.2	114.1	90.3	70.2	54.1	54.8
25–34 years	145.6	128.4	108.6	92.3	74.8	77.7
35–44 years	104.2	92.3	66.1	46.3	34.3	33.2
45–64 years	71.1	55.6	34.5	28.3	18.4	17.2
65 years and over	30.6	29.7	23.9	21.8	13.8	14.9
American Indian or Alaska Native male2
All ages, age adjusted1	—	24.0	19.4	19.4	13.1	13.0
All ages, crude	—	27.5	20.5	20.9	13.2	12.9
15–24 years	—	55.3	49.1	40.9	26.9	24.3
25–44 years	—	43.9	25.4	31.2	16.6	18.8
45–64 years	—	*	*	14.2	12.2	9.6
65 years and over	—	*	*	*	*	*
Asian or Pacific Islander male2
All ages, age adjusted1	—	7.8	8.8	9.2	6.0	5.2
All ages, crude	—	8.2	9.4	10.0	6.2	5.4
15–24 years	—	10.8	21.0	24.3	9.3	9.6
25–44 years	—	12.8	10.9	10.6	8.1	6.6
45–64 years	—	10.4	8.1	8.2	7.4	5.7
65 years and over	—	*	*	*	*	5.3
Hispanic or Latino male2,3
All ages, age adjusted1	—	—	27.6	23.8	13.6	13.7
All ages, crude	—	—	29.9	26.2	14.2	14.6
1–14 years	—	—	2.6	2.8	1.0	0.7
15–24 years	—	—	55.5	61.7	30.8	31.4
25–44 years	—	—	42.7	31.4	17.3	19.1
25–34 years	—	—	47.3	36.4	20.3	22.7
35–44 years	—	—	35.4	24.2	13.2	14.4
45–64 years	—	—	21.4	17.2	12.0	10.0
65 years and over	—	—	19.1	16.5	12.2	12.0
White, not Hispanic or Latino male3
All ages, age adjusted1	—	—	20.6	18.6	15.5	16.0
All ages, crude	—	—	20.4	18.5	15.7	16.3
1–14 years	—	—	1.6	1.6	1.0	1.0
15–24 years	—	—	24.1	23.5	16.2	16.0
25–44 years	—	—	23.3	21.4	17.9	18.6
25–34 years	—	—	24.7	22.5	17.2	18.9
35–44 years	—	—	21.6	20.4	18.4	18.4
45–64 years	—	—	22.7	19.5	17.8	19.0
65 years and over	—	—	37.4	32.5	29.0	29.4
White female2
All ages, age adjusted1	4.0	4.2	3.8	3.5	2.7	2.7
All ages, crude	3.7	4.1	3.8	3.5	2.7	2.7
15–24 years	3.4	5.1	4.8	0.7	0.3	2.7
25–44 years	6.9	6.2	5.3	4.5	2.8	3.9
45–64 years	5.0	5.1	4.5	4.0	3.5	3.7
65 years and over	2.2	2.5	3.1	2.8	2.4	2.3

*Rates based on fewer than 20 deaths are considered unreliable and are not shown.
— Data not available.
1Age-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population starting with Health, United States, 2001.
2The race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated.
3Prior to 1997, excludes data from states lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the death certificate.
Notes: Population estimates used to compute rates for 1991–2000 differ from those used previously. Starting with Health, United States, 2003, rates for 1991–99 were revised using intercensal population estimates based on Census 2000. Rates for 2000 were revised based on Census 2000 counts. Rates for 2001 were computed using 2000-based postcensal estimates. Underlying cause of death code numbers are based on the applicable revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) for data years shown. Age groups were selected to minimize the presentation of unstable age-specific death rates based on small numbers of deaths and for consistency among comparison groups.
SOURCE: "Table 47. Death Rates for Firearm-Related Injuries," Health, United States 2003, National Center for Heath Statistics, 2004, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/tables/2003/03hus047.pdf (accessed October 9, 2004)
Black or African American female2	Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjusted1	11.1	8.7	7.3	6.2	3.9	3.8
All ages, crude	10.0	8.8	7.8	6.5	4.0	3.8
15–24 years	15.2	12.3	13.3	13.2	0.5	6.1
25–44 years	19.4	16.1	12.4	9.8	7.6	6.9
45–64 years	10.2	8.2	4.8	4.1	6.5	2.6
65 years and over	4.3	3.1	3.1	2.6	3.1	1.4
American Indian or Alaska Native female2
All ages, age adjusted1	—	5.8	3.3	3.8	2.9	2.8
All ages, crude	—	5.8	3.4	4.1	2.9	2.9
15–24 years	—	*	*	*	*	*
25–44 years	—	10.2	*	7.0	5.5	5.0
45–64 years	—	*	*	*	*	*
65 years and over	—	*	*	*	*	*
Asian or Pacific Islander female2
All ages, age adjusted1	—	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.1	1.0
All ages, crude	—	2.1	2.1	2.1	1.2	1.1
15–24 years	—	*	*	3.9	*	*
25–44 years	—	3.2	2.7	2.7	1.5	1.5
45–64 years	—	*	*	*	*	*
65 years and over	—	*	*	*	*	*
Hispanic or Latino female2,3
All ages, age adjusted1	—	—	3.3	3.1	1.8	1.7
All ages, crude	—	—	3.6	3.3	1.8	1.7
15–24 years	—	—	6.9	6.1	2.9	3.3
25–44 years	—	—	5.1	4.7	2.5	2.5
45–64 years	—	—	2.4	2.4	2.2	1.6
65 years and over	—	—	*	*	*	*
White, not Hispanic or Latino female3
All ages, age adjusted1	—	—	3.7	3.4	2.8	2.8
All ages, crude	—	—	3.7	3.5	2.9	2.9
15–24 years	—	—	4.3	4.1	2.7	2.5
25–44 years	—	—	5.1	4.8	4.2	4.1
45–64 years	—	—	4.6	4.1	3.6	3.8
65 years and over	—	—	3.2	2.8	2.4	2.4

more than 25% of the firearm deaths homicides. Firearm suicide accounted for at least 70% of firearm deaths in Norway, Sweden, France, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia.