The bleak situation endured by 35-mm exhibitors changed dramatically during the course of 1899 as vaudeville theaters established permanent relations with exhibition services. Lubin?s cineograph was first: returning to Bradenburgh?s museum in Philadelphia on 30 January, it henceforth remained on the bill whenever the amusement center was open (it closed during the summer). American Vitagraph was n…
The symbiotic relationship between the Edison Manufacturing Company and its licensed affiliates functioned effectively in many situations. To cover the Dewey celebration, Edison manager James White organized and coordinated eight camera crews, many composed of licensed filmmakers. By relying on its licensees, the Edison group covered more locations than Biograph. Arrangements among the licensees w…
The 35-mm motion-picture industry functioned on two different levels in the late 1890s. Film sales were commonly international in scope even as exhibitions were executed by regionally based companies. New York was clearly the industry?s heart, but Chicago and Philadelphia were active centers too. In Philadelphia, Lubin prospered as his cineograph service became a permanent attraction at Bradenburg…
According to one contemporary observer, Robert Grau, film exhibition in vaudeville houses assumed special prominence and reached a quantitative peak with the White Rats vaudeville strike of 1901. While this claim has been alternately accepted and contested, historians have generally shied away from the extensive research necessary for even a preliminary assessment. 24 On 21 February, the White Rat…
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