Defining Health and Wellness - Self-assessed Health Status

The NCHS regularly asks respondents to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to evaluate their health status. Figure 1.5 shows that from 1997 through 2005 the percentage of people who considered their health to be excellent or very good was relatively unchanged, ranging from a high of close to 70% in 1998 but hovering around two thirds for most years. From January-June 2005, 66.4% of respondents assessed their health as excellent or very good.

Overall, men were slightly more likely to rate their health as excellent. (See Figure 1.6.) However, for both men and women, the percentage who considered their health as excellent or very good decreased with advancing age—81.5% for those younger than age eighteen; 65.6% for those age eighteen to sixty-four; and 38.5% for those age sixty-five and older. (See Figure 1.7.) Compared with the 70.1% of white survey respondents who assessed their health as excellent or very good, fewer African-American (57.7%) and Hispanic (56.8%) survey respondents rated their health status as excellent or very good. (See Figure 1.8.)

The Gallup Organization also queries Americans about their own physical and mental health in an annual health and health care poll. A November 2005 Gallup Poll found that more than one-quarter (28%) of Americans said their health was excellent, and an additional 50% said their health was good. (See Table 1.13.) Similarly, most Americans describe their mental health or emotional well-being optimistically. More than three-quarters of Americans characterized their mental health as excellent or good (85%), while less than one-fifth described it as fair or poor (15%). (See Figure 1.9.)

The Gallup Organization also found evidence of the "mind-body connection." Ninety-two percent of survey respondents who described their physical health as excellent or good also viewed their mental health as excellent or good. In contrast, just 64% of those who rated their physical health as fair or poor said their mental health was excellent or good. Almost one-third (31%) of the respondents who described their physical health as excellent or good said that their emotional well-being was not good for one or more days in the past month, while nearly twice as many (60%) who rated their physical health as fair or poor were similarly distressed. (See Figure 1.10.)

TABLE 1.8 Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age, by race and sex, selected years 1900–2002

TABLE 1.8
Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age, by race and sex, selected years 1900–2002
[Data are based on death certificates]
Specified age and year	All races			White			Black or African Americana
	Both sexes	Male	Female	Both sexes	Male	Female	Both sexes	Male	Female
At birth	Remaining life expectancy in years
1900b,c	47.3	46.3	48.3	47.6	46.6	48.7	33.0	32.5	33.5
1950c	68.2	65.6	71.1	69.1	66.5	72.2	60.8	59.1	62.9
1960c	69.7	66.6	73.1	70.6	67.4	74.1	63.6	61.1	66.3
1970	70.8	67.1	74.7	71.7	68.0	75.6	64.1	60.0	68.3
1980	73.7	70.0	77.4	74.4	70.7	78.1	68.1	63.8	72.5
1985	74.7	71.1	78.2	75.3	71.8	78.7	69.3	65.0	73.4
1990	75.4	71.8	78.8	76.1	72.7	79.4	69.1	64.5	73.6
1991	75.5	72.0	78.9	76.3	72.9	79.6	69.3	64.6	73.8
1992	75.8	72.3	79.1	76.5	73.2	79.8	69.6	65.0	73.9
1993	75.5	72.2	78.8	76.3	73.1	79.5	69.2	64.6	73.7
1994	75.7	72.4	79.0	76.5	73.3	79.6	69.5	64.9	73.9
1995	75.8	72.5	78.9	76.5	73.4	79.6	69.6	65.2	73.9
1996	76.1	73.1	79.1	76.8	73.9	79.7	70.2	66.1	74.2
1997	76.5	73.6	79.4	77.1	74.3	79.9	71.1	67.2	74.7
1998	76.7	73.8	79.5	77.3	74.5	80.0	71.3	67.6	74.8
1999	76.7	73.9	79.4	77.3	74.6	79.9	71.4	67.8	74.7
2000d	77.0	74.3	79.7	77.6	74.9	80.1	71.9	68.3	75.2
2001	77.2	74.4	79.8	77.7	75.0	80.2	72.2	68.6	75.5
2002	77.3	74.5	79.9	77.7	75.1	80.3	72.3	68.8	75.6
At 65 years
1950c	13.9	12.8	15.0	—	12.8	15.1	13.9	12.9	14.9
1960c	14.3	12.8	15.8	14.4	12.9	15.9	13.9	12.7	15.1
1970	15.2	13.1	17.0	15.2	13.1	17.1	14.2	12.5	15.7
1980	16.4	14.1	18.3	16.5	14.2	18.4	15.1	13.0	16.8
1985	16.7	14.5	18.5	16.8	14.5	18.7	15.2	13.0	16.9
1990	17.2	15.1	18.9	17.3	15.2	19.1	15.4	13.2	17.2
1991	17.4	15.3	19.1	17.5	15.4	19.2	15.5	13.4	17.2
1992	17.5	15.4	19.2	17.6	15.5	19.3	15.7	13.5	17.4
1993	17.3	15.3	18.9	17.4	15.4	19.0	15.5	13.4	17.1
1994	17.4	15.5	19.0	17.5	15.6	19.1	15.7	13.6	17.2
1995	17.4	15.6	18.9	17.6	15.7	19.1	15.6	13.6	17.1
1996	17.5	15.7	19.0	17.6	15.8	19.1	15.8	13.9	17.2
1997	17.7	15.9	19.2	17.8	16.0	19.3	16.1	14.2	17.6
1998	17.8	16.0	19.2	17.8	16.1	19.3	16.1	14.3	17.4
1999	17.7	16.1	19.1	17.8	16.1	19.2	16.0	14.3	17.3
2000d	18.0	16.2	19.3	18.0	16.3	19.4	16.2	14.2	17.7
2001	18.1	16.4	19.4	18.2	16.5	19.5	16.4	14.4	17.9
2002	18.2	16.6	19.5	18.2	16.6	19.5	16.6	14.6	18.0

TABLE 1.8 Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age, by race and sex, selected years 1900–2002 [CONTINUED] "Table 27. Life Expectancy at Birth, at 65 Years of Age, and at 75 Years of Age, according to Race and Sex: United States, Selected Years 1900–2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)

TABLE 1.8
Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age, by race and sex, selected years 1900–2002 [CONTINUED]
[Data are based on death certificates]
Specified age and year	All races			White			Black or African Americana
	Both sexes	Male	Female	Both sexes	Male	Female	Both sexes	Male	Female
aData shown for 1900–60 are for the nonwhite population.
bDeath registration area only. The death registration area increased from 10 states and the District of Columbia in 1900 to the coterminous United States in 1933.
cIncludes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
dLife expectancies (LEs) for 2000 were revised and may differ from those shown previously. LEs for 2000 were computed using population counts from census 2000 and replace LEs for 2000 using 1990-based postcensal estimates.
Notes: "—" = Data not available. Populations for computing life expectancy for 1991–99 are 1990-based postcensal estimates of U.S. resident population. In 1997 life table methodology was revised to construct complete life tables by single years of age that extend to age 100. Previously abridged life tables were constructed for 5-year age groups ending with 85 years and over. Life table values for 2000 and later years were computed using a slight modification of the new life table method due to a change in the age detail of populations received from the U.S. Census Bureau.
SOURCE: "Table 27. Life Expectancy at Birth, at 65 Years of Age, and at 75 Years of Age, according to Race and Sex: United States, Selected Years 1900–2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)
At 75 Years
1980	10.4	8.8	11.5	10.4	8.8	11.5	9.7	8.3	10.7
1985	10.6	9.0	11.7	10.6	9.0	11.7	10.1	8.7	11.1
1990	10.9	9.4	12.0	11.0	9.4	12.0	10.2	8.6	11.2
1991	11.1	9.5	12.1	11.1	9.5	12.1	10.2	8.7	11.2
1992	11.2	9.6	12.2	11.2	9.6	12.2	10.4	8.9	11.4
1993	10.9	9.5	11.9	11.0	9.5	12.0	10.2	8.7	11.1
1994	11.0	9.6	12.0	11.1	9.6	12.0	10.3	8.9	11.2
1995	11.0	9.7	11.9	11.1	9.7	12.0	10.2	8.8	11.1
1996	11.1	9.8	12.0	11.1	9.8	12.0	10.3	9.0	11.2
1997	11.2	9.9	12.1	11.2	9.9	12.1	10.7	9.3	11.5
1998	11.3	10.0	12.2	11.3	10.0	12.2	10.5	9.2	11.3
1999	11.2	10.0	12.1	11.2	10.0	12.1	10.4	9.2	11.1
2000d	11.4	10.1	12.3	11.4	10.1	12.3	10.7	9.2	11.6
2001	11.5	10.2	12.4	11.5	10.2	12.3	10.8	9.3	11.7
2002	11.5	10.3	12.4	11.5	10.3	12.3	10.9	9.5	11.7

TABLE 1.9 Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002

TABLE 1.9
Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and rank order	1980		2002
	Cause of death	Deaths	Cause of death	Deaths
All persons
	All causes	1,989,841	All causes	2,443,387
1	Diseases of heart	761,085	Diseases of heart	696,947
2	Malignant neoplasms	416,509	Malignant neoplasms	557,271
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	170,225	Cerebrovascular diseases	162,672
4	Unintentional injuries	105,718	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	124,816
5	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	56,050	Unintentional injuries	106,742
6	Pneumonia and influenza	54,619	Diabetes mellitus	73,249
7	Diabetes mellitus	34,851	Influenza and pneumonia	65,681
8	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	30,583	Alzheimer's disease	58,866
9	Atherosclerosis	29,449	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	40,974
10	Suicide	26,869	Septicemia	33,865
Male
	All causes	1,075,078	All causes	1,199,264
1	Diseases of heart	405,661	Diseases of heart	340,933
2	Malignant neoplasms	225,948	Malignant neoplasms	288,768
3	Unintentional injuries	74,180	Unintentional injuries	69,257
4	Cerebrovascular diseases	69,973	Cerebrovascular diseases	62,622
5	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	38,625	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	60,713
6	Pneumonia and influenza	27,574	Diabetes mellitus	34,301
7	Suicide	20,505	Influenza and pneumonia	28,918
8	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	19,768	Suicide	25,409
9	Homicide	18,779	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	19,695
10	Diabetes mellitus	14,325	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	17,401
Female
	All causes	914,763	All causes	1,244,123
1	Diseases of heart	355,424	Diseases of heart	356,014
2	Malignant neoplasms	190,561	Malignant neoplasms	268,503
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	100,252	Cerebrovascular diseases	100,050
4	Unintentional injuries	31,538	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	64,103
5	Pneumonia and influenza	27,045	Alzheimer's disease	41,877
6	Diabetes mellitus	20,526	Diabetes mellitus	38,948
7	Atherosclerosis	17,848	Unintentional injuries	37,485
8	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	17,425	Influenza and pneumonia	36,763
9	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	10,815	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	21,279
10	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	9,815	Septicemia	18,918
White
	All causes	1,738,607	All causes	2,102,589
1	Diseases of heart	683,347	Diseases of heart	606,876
2	Malignant neoplasms	368,162	Malignant neoplasms	482,481
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	148,734	Cerebrovascular diseases	139,719
4	Unintentional injuries	90,122	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	115,395
5	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	52,375	Unintentional injuries	90,866
6	Pneumonia and influenza	48,369	Diabetes mellitus	58,459
7	Diabetes mellitus	28,868	Influenza and pneumonia	58,346
8	Atherosclerosis	27,069	Alzheimer's disease	55,058
9	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	25,240	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	32,615
10	Suicide	24,829	Suicide	28,731
Black or African American
	All causes	233,135	All causes	290,051
1	Diseases of heart	72,956	Diseases of heart	77,621
2	Malignant neoplasms	45,037	Malignant neoplasms	62,617
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	20,135	Cerebrovascular diseases	18,856
4	Unintentional injuries	13,480	Diabetes mellitus	12,687
5	Homicide	10,172	Unintentional injuries	12,513
6	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	6,961	Homicide	8,287
7	Pneumonia and influenza	5,648	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	7,835
8	Diabetes mellitus	5,544	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	7,831
9	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	4,790	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	7,488
10	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis	3,416	Septicemia	6,137

TABLE 1.9 Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED]

TABLE 1.9
Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED]
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and rank order	1980		2002
	Cause of death	Deaths	Cause of death	Deaths
American Indian or Alaska Native
	All causes	6,923	All causes	12,415
1	Diseases of heart	1,494	Diseases of heart	2,467
2	Unintentional injuries	1,290	Malignant neoplasms	2,175
3	Malignant neoplasms	770	Unintentional injuries	1,488
4	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	410	Diabetes mellitus	744
5	Cerebrovascular diseases	322	Cerebrovascular diseases	567
6	Pneumonia and influenza	257	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	547
7	Homicide	217	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	452
8	Diabetes mellitus	210	Suicide	324
9	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	199	Influenza and pneumonia	267
10	Suicide	181	Homicide	267
Asian or Pacific Islander
	All causes	11,071	All causes	38,332
1	Diseases of heart	3,265	Malignant neoplasms	9,998
2	Malignant neoplasms	2,522	Diseases of heart	9,983
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	1,028	Cerebrovascular diseases	3,530
4	Unintentional injuries	810	Unintentional injuries	1,875
5	Pneumonia and influenza	342	Diabetes mellitus	1,359
6	Suicide	249	Influenza and pneumonia	1,171
7	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	246	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	1,138
8	Diabetes mellitus	227	Suicide	661
9	Homicide	211	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	649
10	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	207	Septicemia	423
Hispanic or Latino
	—                         —		All causes	117,135
1	—	—	Diseases of heart	27,887
2	—	—	Malignant neoplasms	23,141
3	—	—	Unintentional injuries	10,106
4	—	—	Cerebrovascular diseases	6,451
5	—	—	Diabetes mellitus	5,912
6	—	—	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	3,409
7	—	—	Homicide	3,129
8	—	—	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	3,058
9	—	—	Influenza and pneumonia	2,824
10	—                         —		Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	2,402
White male
	All causes	933,878	All causes	1,025,196
1	Diseases of heart	364,679	Diseases of heart	296,904
2	Malignant neoplasms	198,188	Malignant neoplasms	249,867
3	Unintentional injuries	62,963	Unintentional injuries	58,467
4	Cerebrovascular diseases	60,095	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	55,409
5	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	35,977	Cerebrovascular diseases	52,959
6	Pneumonia and influenza	3,810	Diabetes mellitus	28,110
7	Suicide	18,901	Influenza and pneumonia	25,381
8	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	16,407	Suicide	23,049
9	Diabetes mellitus	12,125	Alzheimer's disease	15,874
10	Atherosclerosis	10,543	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	15,850
Black or African American male
	All causes	130,138	All causes	146,835
1	Diseases of heart	37,877	Diseases of heart	37,094
2	Malignant neoplasms	25,861	Malignant neoplasms	32,627
3	Unintentional injuries	9,701	Unintentional injuries	8,612
4	Cerebrovascular diseases	9,194	Cerebrovascular diseases	7,828
5	Homicide	8,274	Homicide	6,896
6	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	3,869	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	5,301
7	Pneumonia and influenza	3,386	Diabetes mellitus	5,207
8	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	3,020	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	4,341
9	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	2,429	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	3,427
10	Diabetes mellitus	2,010	Influenza and pneumonia	2,768

TABLE 1.9 Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED]

TABLE 1.9
Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED]
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and rank order	1980		2002
	Cause of death	Deaths	Cause of death	Deaths
American Indian or Alaska Native male
	All causes	4,193	All causes	6,750
1	Unintentional injuries	946	Diseases of heart	1,412
2	Diseases of heart	917	Malignant neoplasms	1,081
3	Malignant neoplasms	408	Unintentional injuries	1,003
4	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	239	Diabetes mellitus	336
5	Cerebrovascular diseases	163	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	319
6	Homicide	162	Suicide	258
7	Pneumonia and influenza	148	Cerebrovascular diseases	236
8	Suicide	147	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	220
9	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	107	Homicide	185
10	Diabetes mellitus	86	Influenza and pneumonia	133
Asian or Pacific Islander male
	All causes	6,809	All causes	20,483
1	Diseases of heart	2,174	Diseases of heart	5,523
2	Malignant neoplasms	1,485	Malignant neoplasms	5,193
3	Unintentional injuries	556	Cerebrovascular diseases	1,599
4	Cerebrovascular diseases	521	Unintentional injuries	1,175
5	Pneumonia and influenza	227	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	743
6	Suicide	159	Diabetes mellitus	648
7	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	158	Influenza and pneumonia	636
8	Homicide	151	Suicide	469
9	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	128	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	320
10	Diabetes mellitus	103	Homicide	277
Hispanic or Latino male
			All causes	65,703
1	—	—	Diseases of heart	14,798
2	—	—	Malignant neoplasms	12,235
3	—	—	Unintentional injuries	7,698
4	—	—	Cerebrovascular diseases	3,003
5	—	—	Diabetes mellitus	2,779
6	—	—	Homicide	2,635
7	—	—	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	2,437
8	—	—	Suicide	1,651
9	—	—	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	1,625
10	—	—	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	1,440
White female
	All causes	804,729	All causes	1,077,393
1	Diseases of heart	318,668	Diseases of heart	309,972
2	Malignant neoplasms	169,974	Malignant neoplasms	232,614
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	88,639	Cerebrovascular diseases	86,760
4	Unintentional injuries	27,159	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	59,986
5	Pneumonia and influenza	24,559	Alzheimer's disease	39,184
6	Diabetes mellitus	16,743	Influenza and pneumonia	32,965
7	Atherosclerosis	16,526	Unintentional injuries	32,399
8	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	16,398	Diabetes mellitus	30,349
9	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	8,833	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	16,765
10	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	6,512	Septicemia	15,191

TABLE 1.9 Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED] "Table 31. Leading Causes of Death and Numbers of Deaths, according to Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, 1980 and 2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)

TABLE 1.9
Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED]
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and rank order	1980		2002
	Cause of death	Deaths	Cause of death	Deaths
Note: "—" = Data not available.
SOURCE: "Table 31. Leading Causes of Death and Numbers of Deaths, according to Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, 1980 and 2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)
Black or African American female
	All causes	102,997	All causes	143,216
1	Diseases of heart	35,079	Diseases of heart	40,527
2	Malignant neoplasms	19,176	Malignant neoplasms	29,990
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	10,941	Cerebrovascular diseases	11,028
4	Unintentional injuries	3,779	Diabetes mellitus	7,480
5	Diabetes mellitus	3,534	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis	4,061
6	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	3,092	Unintentional injuries	3,901
7	Pneumonia and influenza	2,262	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	3,490
8	Homicide	1,898	Septicemia	3,434
9	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	1,770	Influenza and pneumonia	3,103
10	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis	1,722	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	2,534
American Indian or Alaska Native female
	All causes	2,730	All causes	5,665
1	Diseases of heart	577	Malignant neoplasms	1,094
2	Malignant neoplasms	362	Diseases of heart	1,055
3	Unintentional injuries	344	Unintentional injuries	485
4	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	171	Diabetes mellitus	408
5	Cerebrovascular diseases	159	Cerebrovascular diseases	331
6	Diabetes mellitus	124	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	232
7	Pneumonia and influenza	109	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	228
8	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	92	Influenza and pneumonia	160
9	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis	56	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis	124
10	Homicide	55	Septicemia	100
Asian or Pacific Islander female
	All causes	4,262	All causes	17,849
1	Diseases of heart	1,091	Malignant neoplasms	4,805
2	Malignant neoplasms	1,037	Diseases of heart	4,460
3	Cerebrovascular diseases	507	Cerebrovascular diseases	1,931
4	Unintentional injuries	254	Diabetes mellitus	711
5	Diabetes mellitus	124	Unintentional injuries	700
6	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	118	Influenza and pneumonia	535
7	Pneumonia and influenza	115	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	395
8	Congenital anomalies	104	Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis	329
9	Suicide	90	Alzheimer's disease	231
10	Homicide	60	Essential (primary) hypertension and hypertensive renal disease	221
Hispanic or Latino female
			All causes	51,432
1	—	—	Diseases of heart	13,089
2	—	—	Malignant neoplasms	10,906
3	—	—	Cerebrovascular diseases	3,448
4	—	—	Diabetes mellitus	3,133
5	—	—	Unintentional injuries	2,408
6	—	—	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	1,433
7	—	—	Influenza and pneumonia	1,426
8	—	—	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	1,050
9	—	—	Alzheimer's disease	1,010
10	—	—	Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	972

FIGURE 1.4 Overweight and obesity by age, 1960–2002 "Figure 15. Overweight and Obesity by Age: United States, 1960–2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)

TABLE 1.10 Years of potential life lost before age 75 for selected causes of death, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, selected years 1980–2002

TABLE 1.10
Years of potential life lost before age 75 for selected causes of death, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, selected years 1980–2002
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and cause of death	Crude	Age adjusteda
	2002	1980	1990	1995	2000	2001	2002
All persons	Years lost before age 75 per 100,000 population under 75 years of age
All causes	7,563.2	10,448.4	9,085.5	8,626.2	7,578.1	7,531.2	7,499.6
Diseases of heart	1,226.7	2,238.7	1,617.7	1,475.4	1,253.0	1,221.1	1,212.7
Ischemic heart disease	802.5	1,729.3	1,153.6	1,013.2	841.8	809.7	792.0
Cerebrovascular diseases	209.8	357.5	259.6	246.5	223.3	211.9	208.1
Malignant neoplasms	1,644.7	2,108.8	2,003.8	1,841.6	1,674.1	1,651.7	1,622.7
Trachea, bronchus, and lung	430.4	548.5	561.4	497.3	443.1	431.2	423.4
Colorectal	143.0	190.0	164.7	152.0	141.9	142.4	141.0
Prostateb	56.9	84.9	96.8	83.5	63.6	61.8	60.1
Breastc	328.4	463.2	451.6	398.6	332.6	328.1	316.8
Chroniclower respiratory diseases	185.9	169.1	187.4	190.4	188.1	185.8	184.5
Influenza and pneumonia	83.2	160.2	141.5	126.9	87.1	82.3	82.7
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	162.3	300.3	196.9	173.7	164.1	164.7	160.5
Diabetes mellitus	186.5	134.4	155.9	174.7	178.4	180.5	184.3
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	160.8	—	383.8	595.3	174.6	167.8	161.8
Unintentional injuries	1,082.2	1,543.5	1,162.1	1,057.2	1,026.5	1,036.8	1,079.2
Motor vehicle-related injuries	588.9	912.9	716.4	616.3	574.3	572.5	585.8
Suicided	348.2	392.0	393.1	384.7	334.5	342.6	346.7
Homicided	276.1	425.5	417.4	378.6	266.5	311.0	274.4
Male
All causes	9,429.3	13,777.2	11,973.5	11,289.2	9,572.2	9,507.1	9,470.0
Diseases of heart	1,675.5	3,352.1	2,356.0	2,117.4	1,766.0	1,708.3	1,706.9
Ischemic heart disease	1,154.6	2,715.1	1,766.3	1,531.5	1,255.4	1,201.8	1,179.6
Cerebrovascular diseases	222.2	396.7	286.6	276.9	244.6	233.5	227.6
Malignant neoplasms	1,720.0	2,360.8	2,214.6	2,008.5	1,810.8	1,782.4	1,754.2
Trachea, bronchus, and lung	507.3	821.1	764.8	645.6	554.9	535.9	520.5
Colorectal	164.8	214.9	194.3	179.4	167.3	166.6	168.2
Prostate	56.9	84.9	96.8	83.5	63.6	61.8	60.1
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	193.3	235.1	224.8	213.1	206.0	200.7	200.7
Influenza and pneumonia	95.7	202.5	180.0	155.7	102.8	96.9	97.3
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	224.8	415.0	283.9	254.8	236.9	233.6	226.6
Diabetes mellitus	213.3	140.4	170.4	194.6	203.8	209.6	217.2
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	234.4	—	686.2	991.2	258.9	247.7	237.0
Unintentional injuries	1,561.1	2,342.7	1,715.1	1,531.6	1,475.6	1,490.1	1,542.2
Motor vehicle-related injuries	832.3	1,359.7	1,018.4	851.1	796.4	803.5	817.2
Suicided	560.6	605.6	634.8	628.4	539.1	552.3	555.7
Homicided	434.8	675.0	658.0	589.6	410.5	480.5	425.0
Female
All causes	5,706.1	7,350.3	6,333.1	6,057.5	5,644.6	5,609.2	5,580.0
Diseases of heart	780.1	1,246.0	948.5	883.9	774.6	765.4	748.8
Ischemic heart disease	452.0	852.1	600.3	537.8	457.6	444.3	430.2
Cerebrovascular diseases	197.4	324.0	235.9	218.7	203.9	192.1	190.3
Malignant neoplasms	1,569.7	1,896.8	1,826.6	1,698.9	1,555.3	1,538.4	1,507.7
Trachea, bronchus, and lung	353.9	310.4	382.2	365.2	342.1	336.6	335.4
Colorectal	121.3	168.7	138.7	127.5	118.7	120.4	115.9
Breast	328.4	463.2	451.6	398.6	332.6	328.1	316.8
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	178.6	114.0	155.9	171.0	172.3	172.8	170.0
Influenza and pneumonia	70.7	122.0	106.2	100.2	72.3	68.7	69.1
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	100.1	194.5	115.1	96.6	94.5	98.8	97.4
Diabetes mellitus	159.8	128.5	142.3	155.9	154.4	153.0	153.1
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	87.5	—	87.8	205.7	92.0	89.4	88.1
Unintentional injuries	605.7	755.3	607.4	580.1	573.2	578.3	610.3
Motor vehicle-related injuries	346.6	470.4	411.6	378.4	348.5	337.2	349.8
Suicided	136.7	184.2	153.3	140.8	129.1	131.9	136.6
Homicided	118.1	181.3	174.3	163.2	118.9	137.4	119.6

TABLE 1.10 Years of potential life lost before age 75 for selected causes of death, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, selected years 1980–2002 [CONTINUED]

TABLE 1.10
Years of potential life lost before age 75 for selected causes of death, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, selected years 1980–2002 [CONTINUED]
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and cause of death Crude	Crude	Age adjusteda
	2002	1980	1990	1995	2000	2001	2002
Whitee
All causes	7,117.6	9,554.1	8,159.5	7,744.9	6,949.5	6,941.6	6,936.6
Diseases of heart	1,168.3	2,100.8	1,490.3	1,353.0	1,149.4	1,115.0	1,111.8
Ischemic heart disease	803.1	1,682.7	1,113.4	975.2	805.3	773.0	759.5
Cerebrovascular diseases	181.4	300.7	213.1	205.2	187.1	175.6	173.5
Malignant neoplasms	1,665.9	2,035.9	1,929.3	1,780.5	1,627.8	1,610.2	1,582.8
Trachea, bronchus, and lung	446.3	529.9	544.2	487.1	436.3	427.5	418.5
Colorectal	141.6	186.8	157.8	145.0	134.1	135.0	134.0
Prostateb	51.6	74.8	86.6	73.0	54.3	53.1	51.3
Breastc	318.8	460.2	441.7	381.5	315.6	309.6	297.5
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	194.2	165.4	182.3	185.7	185.3	184.7	183.5
Influenza and pneumonia	77.4	130.8	116.9	108.3	77.7	72.7	75.1
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	169.4	257.3	175.8	164.6	162.7	164.4	162.9
Diabetes mellitus	168.3	115.7	133.7	149.4	155.6	156.2	160.3
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	84.8	—	309.0	422.6	94.7	88.4	84.7
Unintentional injuries	1,095.5	1,520.4	1,139.7	1,040.9	1,031.8	1,049.0	1,101.6
Motor vehicle-related injuries	599.7	939.9	726.7	623.6	586.1	585.1	604.0
Suicided	381.2	414.5	417.7	411.6	362.0	373.5	380.1
Homicided	158.0	271.7	234.9	220.2	156.6	204.0	159.7
Black or African Americane
All causes	11,640.8	17,873.4	16,593.0	15,809.7	12,897.1	12,579.7	12,401.0
Diseases of heart	1,869.2	3,619.9	2,891.8	2,681.8	2,275.2	2,248.9	2,212.8
Ischemic heart disease	992.5	2,305.1	1,676.1	1,510.2	1,300.1	1,260.6	1,218.7
Cerebrovascular diseases	399.3	883.2	656.4	583.6	507.0	491.3	474.1
Malignant neoplasms	1,834.1	2,946.1	2,894.8	2,597.1	2,294.7	2,228.4	2,196.6
Trachea, bronchus, and lung	451.8	776.0	811.3	683.0	593.0	557.5	561.9
Colorectal	175.4	232.3	241.8	226.9	222.4	219.6	213.7
Prostateb	107.3	200.3	223.5	210.0	171.0	164.1	160.3
Breastc	446.8	524.2	592.9	577.4	500.0	501.7	495.9
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	193.1	203.7	240.6	244.0	232.7	220.5	222.8
Influenza and pneumonia	134.4	384.9	330.8	269.8	161.2	152.1	146.7
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	139.8	644.0	371.8	250.3	185.6	181.5	161.3
Diabetes mellitus	330.8	305.3	361.5	400.8	383.4	392.6	396.7
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	670.9	—	1,014.7	1,945.4	763.3	743.5	720.6
Unintentional injuries	1,157.8	1,751.5	1,392.7	1,272.1	1,152.8	1,133.4	1,129.3
Motor vehicle-related injuries	581.1	750.2	699.5	621.8	580.8	571.7	558.5
Suicided	199.6	238.0	261.4	254.2	208.7	201.5	196.5
Homicided	1,023.9	1,580.8	1,612.9	1,352.8	941.6	963.6	962.2

TABLE 1.10 Years of potential life lost before age 75 for selected causes of death, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, selected years 1980–2002 [CONTINUED] Adapted from "Table 30. Years of Potential Life Lost before Age 75 for Selected Causes of Death, according to Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, Selected Years 1980–2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)

TABLE 1.10
Years of potential life lost before age 75 for selected causes of death, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, selected years 1980–2002 [CONTINUED]
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and cause of death	Crude	Age adjusteda
	2002	1980	1990	1995	2000	2001	2002
aAge-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population
bRate for male population only.
cRate for female population only.
dFigures for 2001 include September 11 related deaths for which death certificates were filed as of October 24, 2002.
eThe race groups, white, black, Asian or Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Death rates for the American Indian or Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander populations are known to be underestimated.
Note: "—" = Data not available.
SOURCE: Adapted from "Table 30. Years of Potential Life Lost before Age 75 for Selected Causes of Death, according to Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, Selected Years 1980–2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)
American Indian or Alaska Nativee
All causes	7,532.8	13,390.9	9,506.2	9,332.5	7,758.2	7,991.8	8,278.0
Diseases of heart	766.9	1,819.9	1,391.0	1,269.3	1,030.1	1,027.7	959.9
Ischemic heart disease	495.2	1,208.2	901.8	877.3	709.3	695.2	648.4
Cerebrovascular diseases	160.9	269.3	223.3	255.3	198.1	193.5	201.7
Malignant neoplasms	850.9	1,101.3	1,141.1	1,099.5	995.7	1,099.5	1,066.0
Trchea, bronchus, and lung	161.9	181.1	268.1	267.7	227.8	238.7	226.3
Colorectal	88.5	78.8	82.4	103.5	93.8	87.9	115.7
Prostateb	23.0	66.7	42.0	51.1	44.5	35.2	36.3
Breastc	159.6	205.5	213.4	159.9	174.1	175.2	187.1
Chronic lower respiratory diseases	99.9	89.3	129.0	145.3	151.8	139.3	137.0
Influenza and pneumonia	87.4	307.9	206.3	199.7	124.0	141.3	100.9
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	430.1	1,190.3	535.1	604.8	519.4	506.0	495.8
Diabetes mellitus	262.5	305.5	292.3	360.6	305.6	297.3	344.7
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	74.9	—	70.1	246.9	68.4	88.1	79.9
Unintentional injuries	1,833.0	3,541.0	2,183.9	1,980.9	1,700.1	1,632.0	1,764.6
Motor vehicle-related injuries	1,164.5	2,102.4	1,301.5	1,210.3	1,032.2	989.4	1,089.3
Suicidee	451.2	515.0	495.9	445.2	403.1	420.6	420.8
Homicidee	393.1	628.9	434.2	432.7	278.5	287.0	366.5

TABLE 1.11 Death rates for all causes, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, selected years 1950–2002 Adapted from "Table 35. Death Rates for All Causes, according to Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age: United States, Selected Years 1950–2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)

TABLE 1.11
Death rates for all causes, by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, selected years 1950–2002
[Data are based on death certificates]
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age	1950a	1960a	1970	1980	1990	1995	1999	2000	2001	2002
aIncludes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
bAge-adjusted rates are calculated using the year 2000 standard population.
SOURCE: Adapted from "Table 35. Death Rates for All Causes, according to Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age: United States, Selected Years 1950–2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)
All persons	Deaths per 100,000 resident population
All ages, age adjustedb	1,446.0	1,339.2	1,222.6	1,039.1	938.7	909.8	875.6	869.0	854.5	845.3
All ages, crude	963.8	954.7	945.3	878.3	863.8	868.3	857.0	854.0	848.5	847.3
Under 1 year	3,299.2	2,696.4	2,142.4	1,288.3	971.9	780.3	736.0	736.7	683.4	695.0
1-4 years	139.4	109.1	84.5	63.9	46.8	40.4	34.2	32.4	33.3	31.2
5-14 years	60.1	46.6	41.3	30.6	24.0	22.2	18.6	18.0	17.3	17.4
15-24 years	128.1	106.3	127.7	115.4	99.2	93.4	79.3	79.9	80.7	81.4
25-34 years	178.7	146.4	157.4	135.5	139.2	137.3	102.2	101.4	105.2	103.6
35-44 years	358.7	299.4	314.5	227.9	223.2	239.4	198.0	198.9	203.6	202.9
45-54 years	853.9	756.0	730.0	584.0	473.4	454.3	418.2	425.6	428.9	430.1
55-64 years	1,901.0	1,735.1	1,658.8	1,346.3	1,196.9	1,104.7	1,005.0	992.2	964.6	952.4
65-74 years	4,104.3	3,822.1	3,582.7	2,994.9	2,648.6	2,549.0	2,457.3	2,399.1	2,353.3	2,314.7
75-84 years	9,331.1	8,745.2	8,004.4	6,692.6	6,007.2	5,811.3	5,714.5	5,666.5	5,582.4	5,556.9
85 years and over	20,196.9	19,857.5	16,344.9	15,980.3	15,327.4	15,248.6	15,554.6	15,524.4	15,112.8	14,828.3

TABLE 1.12 Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths by age, 1980 and 2002

TABLE 1.12
Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths by age, 1980 and 2002
[Data are based on death certificates]
Age and rank order	1980		2002
	Cause of death	Deaths	Cause of death	Daths
Under 1 year
	All causes	45,526	All causes	28,034
1	Congenital anomalies	9,220	Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities	5,623
2	Sudden infant death syndrome	5,510	Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified	4.367
3	Respiratory distress syndrome	4,989	Sudden infant death syndrome	2,295
4	Disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low birthweight	3,648	Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy	1,708
5	Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy	1,572	Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes	1,028
6	Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia	1,497	Unintentional injuries	946
7	Unintentional injuries	1,166	Respiratory distress of newborn	943
8	Birth trauma	1,058	Bacterial sepsis of newborn	749
9	Pneumonia and influenza	1,012	Diseases of circulatory system	667
10	Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes	985	Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia	583
1-4 years
	All causes	8,187	All causes	4,858
1	Unintentional injuries	3,313	Unintentional injuries	1,641
2	Congenital anomalies	1,026	Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities	530
3	Malignant neoplasms	573	Homicide	423
4	Diseases of heart	338	Malignant neoplasms	402
5	Homicide	319	Diseases of heart	165
6	Pneumonia and influenza	267	Influenza and pneumonia	110
7	Meningitis	223	Septicemia	79
8	Menignococcal infection	110	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	65
8	…	…	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	65
9	Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period	84	…	…
10	Septicemia	71	In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior	60
5-14 years
	All causes	10,689	All causes	7,150
1	Unintentional injuries	5,224	Unintentional injuries	2,718
2	Malignant neoplasms	1,497	Malignant neoplasms	1,072
3	Congenital anomalies	561	Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities	417
4	Homicide	415	Homicide	356
5	Diseases of heart	330	Suicide	264
6	Pneumonia and influenza	194	Diseases of heart	255
7	Suicide	142	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	136
8	Benign neoplasms	104	Septicemia	95
9	Cerebrovascular diseases	95	Cerebrovascular diseases	91
9	…	…	Influenza and pneumonia	91
10	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	85	…	…
15-24 years
	All causes	49,027	All causes	33,046
1	Unintentional injuries	26,206	Unintentional injuries	15,412
2	Homicide	6,537	Homicide	5,219
3	Suicide	5,239	Suicide	4,010
4	Malignant neoplasms	2,683	Malignant neoplasms	1,730
5	Diseases of heart	1,223	Diseases of heart	1,022
6	Congenital anomalies	600	Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities	492
7	Cerebrovascular disease	418	Chronic lower respiratory diseases	192
8	Pneumonia and influenza	348	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease	178
9	Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases	141	Diabetes mellitus	171
9	…	…	Cerebrovascular	171
10	Anemias	133	…	…

TABLE 1.12 Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths by age, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED] "Table 32. Leading Causes of Death and Numbers of Deaths, according to Age: United States, 1980 and 2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)

TABLE 1.12
Leading causes of death and numbers of deaths by age, 1980 and 2002 [CONTINUED]
[Data are based on death certificates]
Age and rank order	1980		2002
	Cause of death	Deaths	Cause of death	Deaths
Note: "…" = Category not applicable
SOURCE: "Table 32. Leading Causes of Death and Numbers of Deaths, according to Age: United States, 1980 and 2002," in Health, United States, 2005, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, November 2005, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf (accessed December 8, 2005)
25-44 years
	All causes	108,658	All causes	132,495
1	Unintentional injuries	26,722	Unintentional injuries	29,279
2	Malignant neoplasms	17,551	Malignant neoplasms	19,957
3	Diseases of heart	14,513	Diseases of heart	16,853
4	Homicide	10,983	Suicide	11,897