Crime—an Overview - State Corrections Budgets

According to the National Association of State Budget Officers, total state spending for corrections in fiscal year 2002 was $38.5 billion, an increase of some 2.6 percent from 2001. Corrections accounted for about 7 percent of all state general-fund spending in 2002. Despite a declining crime rate, the rise in state prison populations accounted for much of the increase, with the construction of new correctional facilities accounting for much of the increase, in addition to juvenile justice programs and such alternatives to incarceration as probation and parole.

States in the Far West had the largest increase in spending for corrections in 2002, at 7.9 percent, followed by the Rocky Mountain states (6.1 percent). States in the Mid-Atlantic spent less in 2002 than they had in 2001, with a decrease of almost 1 percent.

TABLE 1.7
Arrests by race, 2002

	Arrests 18 and over					Percent distribution1
Offense charged	Total	White	Black	American Indian or Alaskan Native	Asian or Islander Pacific	Total	White	Black	American Indian or Alaskan Native	Asian or Pacific Islander
Total	8,176,791	5,764,614	2,217,778	110,253	84,146	100.0	70.5	27.1	1.3	1.0
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter	9,127	4,368	4,560	92	107	100.0	47.9	50.0	1.0	1.2
Forcible rape	16,772	10,687	5,645	203	237	100.0	63.7	33.7	1.2	1.4
Robbery	59,402	27,214	31,300	380	508	100.0	45.8	52.7	0.6	0.9
Aggravated assault	294,665	188,115	99,572	3,534	3,444	100.0	63.8	33.8	1.2	1.2
Burglary	144,119	100,278	41,089	1,303	1,449	100.0	69.6	28.5	0.9	1.0
Larceny-theft	594,864	398,605	181,279	6,902	8,078	100.0	67.0	30.5	1.2	1.4
Motor vehicle theft	74,544	45,676	26,686	711	1,471	100.0	61.3	35.8	1.0	2.0
Arson	5,971	4,356	1,511	52	52	100.0	73.0	25.3	0.9	0.9
Violent crime2	379,966	230,384	141,077	4,209	4,296	100.0	60.6	37.1	1.1	1.1
Property crime3	819,498	548,915	250,565	8,968	11,050	100.0	67.0	30.6	1.1	1.3
Crime Index4	1,199,464	779,299	391,642	13,177	15,346	100.0	65.0	32.7	1.1	1.3
Other assaults	751,050	504,827	228,269	10,259	7,695	100.0	67.2	30.4	1.4	1.0
Forgery and counterfeiting	79,238	54,280	23,437	425	1,096	100.0	68.5	29.6	0.5	1.4
Fraud	225,918	153,521	69,487	1,384	1,526	100.0	68.0	30.8	0.6	0.7
Embezzlement	12,375	8,457	3,672	63	183	100.0	68.3	29.7	0.5	1.5
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing	72,381	42,923	28,225	477	756	100.0	59.3	39.0	0.7	1.0
Vandalism	122,358	89,064	30,163	1,885	1,246	100.0	72.8	24.7	1.5	1.0
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.	92,909	56,195	35,059	672	983	100.0	60.5	37.7	0.7	1.1
Prostitution and commercialized vice	57,565	33,171	22,858	358	1,178	100.0	57.6	39.7	0.6	2.0
Sex offenses (except forcible rape and prostitution)	53,904	40,392	12,142	573	797	100.0	74.9	22.5	1.1	1.5
Drug abuse violations	968,053	631,031	324,517	5,696	6,809	100.0	65.2	33.5	0.6	0.7
Gambling	6,411	1,906	4,181	38	286	100.0	29.7	65.2	0.6	4.5
Offenses against the family and children	90,839	61,603	26,639	1,210	1,387	100.0	67.8	29.3	1.3	1.5
Driving under the influence	1,002,349	879,257	98,920	15,193	8,979	100.0	87.7	9.9	1.5	0.9
Liquor laws	356,563	307,903	36,575	8,741	3,344	100.0	86.4	10.3	2.5	0.9
Drunkenness	399,227	333,293	54,603	9,305	2,026	100.0	83.5	13.7	2.3	0.5
Disorderly conduct	343,085	232,356	102,132	6,175	2,422	100.0	67.7	29.8	1.8	0.7
Vagrancy	18,151	11,076	6,542	405	128	100.0	61.0	36.0	2.2	0.7
All other offenses (except traffic)	2,318,474	1,540,746	715,917	34,116	27,695	100.0	66.5	30.9	1.5	1.2
Suspicion	6,477	3,314	2,798	101	264	100.0	51.2	43.2	1.6	4.1
Curfew and loitering law violations	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Runaways	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
1Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.
2Violent crimes are offenses of murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
3Property crimes are offenses of burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
4Includes arson.
* Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
SOURCE: "Table 43: Arrests by Race, 2002," in Crime in the United States 2002, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC, 2003

TABLE 1.8
Number and percent change of offenses, by type, 2001–02
[12,524 agencies; 2002 estimated population 236,622,152]

Classification	Number of offenses 2002	Percent change over 2001	Percent distribution1	Average value
Murder	12,904	+2.2	–
Forcible rape	77,639	+4.2	–
Robbery:
Total	324,938	−1.1	100.0	$1,281
Street/highway	139,037	−2.9	42.8	1,045
Commercial house	47,344	−1.3	14.6	1,676
Gas or service station	8,690	−7.6	2.7	679
Convenience store	20,990	−4.8	6.5	665
Residence	43,800	+4.4	13.5	1,340
Bank	7,485	−6.5	2.3	4,763
Miscellaneous	57,592	+2.7	17.7	1,340
Burglary:
Total	1,793,362	+2.0	100.0	1,549
Residence
(dwelling):	1,180,063	+3.0	65.8	1,482
Night	348,538	+2.4	19.4	1,177
Day	561,688	+4.3	31.3	1,567
Unknown	269,837	+1.3	15.0	1,698
Nonresidence
(store, office, etc.):	613,299	−0.1	34.2	1,678
Night	260,525	*	14.5	1,449
Day	190,651	+0.1	10.6	1,525
Unknown	162,123	−0.4	9.0	2,227
Larceny-theft (except
motor vehicle theft):
Total	5,808,133	*	100.0	699
By type:
Pocket-picking	26,707	−5.0	0.5	328
Purse-snatching	32,011	+3.0	0.6	332
Shoplifting	811,709	+2.2	14.0	187
From motor vehicles (except accessories)	1,536,453	+2.9	26.5	692
Motor vehicle accessories	622,384	+4.7	10.7	432
Bicycles	227,970	−3.5	3.9	257
From buildings	727,395	−5.4	12.5	1,013
From coin-operated machines	43,103	+1.8	0.7	250
All others	1,780,401	−2.2	30.7	984
By value:
Over $200	2,301,455	+0.7	39.6	1,682
$50 to $200	1,310,879	−1.5	22.6	114
Under $50	2,195,799	+0.1	37.8	18
Motor vehicle theft	1,039,490	+2.2	–	6,701
1Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.
*Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
SOURCE: "Table 23: Offense Analysis, Number and Percent Change, 2001–2002," in Crime in the United States 2002, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC, 2003

TABLE 1.9
Property stolen and recovered, by type and value, 2002
[12,007 agencies; 2002 estimated population 228,033,072]

	Value of property
Type of property	Stolen	Recovered	Percent recovered
Total	$13,731,306,278	$4,958,923,288	36.1
Currency, notes, etc.	977,139,529	40,078,922	4.1
Jewelry and precious metals	998,967,252	54,599,943	5.5
Clothing and furs	240,855,326	30,152,611	12.5
Locally stolen motor vehicles	6,569,478,599	4,146,165,060	63.1
Office equipment	466,027,464	25,132,680	5.4
Televisions, radios, stereos, etc.	932,644,149	39,517,884	4.2
Firearms	92,717,808	8,258,690	8.9
Household goods	205,369,049	9,693,633	4.7
Consumable goods	121,826,909	12,945,137	10.6
Livestock	17,122,092	3,253,959	19.0
Miscellaneous	3,109,158,101	589,124,769	18.9
SOURCE: "Table 24: Property Stolen and Recovered, by Type and Value, 2002," in Crime in the United States 2002, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC, 2003

TABLE 1.10
Federal criminal justice budget authorities, 2002 (actual) and 2003–2008 (estimated)¹
(In millions of dollars)

		Estimated
Type of program	2002 actual	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Total $36,177	$37,151	$40,602	$37,682	$38,644	$39,636	$40,695
Discretionary, total	34,676	33,610	34,596	35,501	36,472	37,488	38,570
Federal law enforcement activities, total	16,607	15,632	16,138	16,589	17,077	17,591	18,124
Criminal investigations2	5,712	5,217	5,385	5,541	5,702	5,872	6,047
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives	781	762	788	812	838	863	892
Border and transportation security directorate activities3	7,131	6,883	7,099	7,281	7,490	7,708	7,937
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission	311	310	322	333	345	356	369
Tax law, criminal investigations4	429	436	457	475	493	514	534
U.S. Secret Service	1,022	945	979	1,010	1,043	1,077	1,112
Other law enforcement activities	1,221	1,079	1,108	1,137	1,166	1,201	1,233
Federal litigative and judicial activities, total	8,304	8,278	8,529	8,767	9,017	9,278	9,570
Civil and criminal prosecution and representation	3,540	3,478	3,584	3,683	3,786	3,892	4,019
Representation of indigents in civil cases	329	329	334	339	344	350	357
Federal judicial and other litigative activities	4,435	4,471	4,611	4,745	4,887	5,036	5,194
Correctional activities5	4,618	4,468	4,618	4,753	4,896	5,043	5,198
Criminal justice assistance, total	5,147	5,232	5,311	5,392	5,482	5,576	5,678
Crime victims' fund	68	0	0	0	0	0	0
High-intensity drug trafficking areas program	187	226	229	233	237	241	245
Law enforcement assistance, community policing, and other justice programs	4,259	4,243	4,308	4,373	4,446	4,522	4,605
Terrorism prevention initiative3	633	763	774	786	799	813	828
Mandatory, total	1,501	3,541	6,006	2,181	2,172	2,148	2,125
Federal law enforcement activities, total	−267	−860	852	650	606	558	510
Border and transportation security directorate activities	2,419	2,606	2,692	2,570	2,587	2,604	2,622
Immigration fees	−1,852	−2,583	−2,261	−2,321	−2,384	−2,449	−2,514
Customs fees	−1,229	−1,314	−5	−5	−6	−6	−7
Treasury forfeiture fund	178	221	221	221	221	221	221
Other mandatory law enforcement programs	217	210	205	185	188	188	188
Federal litigative and judicial activities, total	975	1,050	1,041	984	1,018	1,041	1,065
Treasury forfeiture fund	345	422	377	380	387	395	402
Federal judicial officers' salaries and expenses and other mandatory programs	630	628	664	604	631	646	663
Correctional activities	−3	−3	−3	−3	−3	−3	−3
Criminal justice assistance, total	796	3,354	4,116	550	551	552	553
Crime victims' fund	606	605	1,706	500	500	500	500
September 11 victims' compensation	60	2,700	2,361	0	0	0	0
Public safety officers' benefits	198	49	49	50	51	52	53
Mandatory programs	−68	0	0	0	0	0	0
Note: These data are from the budget submitted by the President to Congress in 2003.
1Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
2Includes Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Homeland Security, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, and interagency crime and drug enforcement programs.
3Department of Homeland Security.
4Internal Revenue Service.
5Federal prison system and detention trustee program.
SOURCE: "Table 1.10: Federal Criminal Justice Budget Authorities, 2002 (Actual) and 2003–2008 (estimated)," in Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 2002, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC, 2003.

TABLE 1.11
Allocation of Office of Justice programs' funds by type of justice activity, fiscal years 1990–2001 1
In thousands of dollars

Type of budget activity	19902	19912	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	19983	19993	20003	20014
Total	$762,358	$845,021	$865,689	$997,023	$848,960	$1,267,660	$2,702,011	$3,251,347	$3,733,066	$3,743,045	$3,919,611	$4,175,721
Executive direction and control	24,240	25,169	26,6415	27,219	29,600	31,702	28,696	30,579	35,039	38,103	44,103	47,728
Research, evaluation, and demonstration programs	22,766	23,929	23,739	22,995	22,500	27,000	30,000	30,000	41,148	46,148	43,448	69,846
Justice statistical programs	20,879	22,095	22,095	21,373	20,943	21,379	21,379	21,379	21,529	25,029	25,505	28,991
State and local assistance programs
Alcohol and crime in Indian country	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	4,989
Anti-drug abuse formula (Byrne grants)	395,101	423,000	423,000	423,000	358,000	450,000	475,000	500,000	505,000	505,000	500,000	498,900
Anti-drug abuse discretionary	49,636	66,994	73,500	223,0006	116,500	62,000	60,000	60,000	46,500	47,000	52,000	78,377
Counterterrorism	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	17,000	19,000	0	152,000	220,494
Criminal records upgrade	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	100,000	25,000	50,000	45,000	45,000	0	0
DNA identification State grants	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	1,000	3,000	12,500	15,000	0	0
Drug courts	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	11,900	0	30,000	30,000	40,000	40,000	49,890
Family support	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,500	1,500	1,497
Indian tribal courts program	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	5,000	5,000	7,982
Law enforcement block grants	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	503,000	523,000	523,000	523,000	497,8857	521,849
Motor vehicle theft prevention	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	500	750	750	1,300	1,300	1,297
Public Safety Officers' Benefits Program	24,818	26,075	27,144	28,524	30,821	29,717	30,608	32,276	33,003	31,809	32,541	35,619
Regional Information Sharing System8	13,402	14,000	14,500	14,491	14,491	14,500	14,500	14,500	20,000	20,000	20,000	24,945
State and local correctional facilities grants	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	24,500	617,500	670,000	720,500	720,500	653,5337	684,990
State criminal alien assistance program	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	130,000	300,000	330,000	420,000	420,000	420,000	399,120
State prison drug treatment	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	27,000	30,000	63,000	63,000	63,000	62,861
Telemarketing fraud prevention	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	2,000	2,500	2,000	2,000	1,996
Televised testimony of child abuse victims	NA	NA	1,000	0	0	0	50	550	1,000	1,000	1,000	998
Weed and Seed program	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	33,500	33,500	33,500	33,925
White Collar Crime Information Center9	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	1,400	3,850	3,850	5,350	7,350	9,250	9,230
Juvenile justice programs Block grants	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0	250,000	250,000	237,9947	249,450
Child abuse investigation and prosecution	NA	NA	1,500	1,500	3,000	4,500	4,500	4,500	7,000	7,000	7,000	8,481
Court appointed special advocates	NA	NA	NA	NA	4,500	6,000	6,000	6,000	7,000	9,000	10,000	11,475
Judicial child abuse training	NA	NA	500	500	500	750	750	1,000	2,000	2,000	2,000	1,996
Juvenile justice discretionary programs	21,044	22,796	22,8235	23,3725	44,640	70,600	70,600	80,100	130,850	193,394	196,910	207,452
Juvenile justice formula grants	48,361	49,255	49,7355	50,078	58,310	68,600	68,600	85,100	95,100	77,556	76,540	76,372
Missing Alzheimer's program	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	900	900	900	900	900	898
Missing children	3,971	7,971	8,471	8,471	6,621	6,721	5,971	5,971	12,256	17,168	19,952	22,997

TABLE 1.11
Allocation of Office of Justice programs' funds by type of justice activity, fiscal years 1990–2001¹
In thousands of dollars

Type of budget activity	19902	19912	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	19983	19993	20003	20014
Violence against women programs
Encouraging arrest policies	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	28,000	33,000	59,000	34,000	34,000	33,925
Law enforcement and prosecution grants	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	26,000	130,000	145,000	172,000	206,750	206,750	209,717
Rural domestic violence and child abuse enforcement	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	7,000	8,000	25,000	25,000	25,000	24,945
Violence against women training programs	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	1,000	1,000	2,000	5,000	5,000	4,989
Crime Victims Fund10	123,250	126,750	127,968	150,000	138,534	178,891	227,707	528,942	362,891	324,038	500,00011	537,50012
Programs previously funded by OJP13
Emergency assistance14	9,927	0	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High intensity drug trafficking areas15	NA	32,024	37,110	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mariel Cuban16	4,963	4,963	4,963	2,500	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Crime Bill programs	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	1,500	11,900	1,950	27,750	0	0	0
1Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
2Includes effect of Gramm-Rudman-Hollings reductions..
3Appropriations.
4Includes rescission per Public Law 106–554.
5Reflects the total program level, which includes unused carryover earmarked by Congress for addition to appropriated amount.
6Includes $150 million supplemental appropriation for the Police Hiring Program.
7Includes rescission per Public Law 106–113.
8A program to aid State and local law enforcement agencies in the exchange of intelligence information.
9This previously was part of the Regional Information Sharing System.
10Represents amount deposited in previous year.
11Collections totaled $985.2 million, however, an obligation limitation of $500 million was placed on total collections..
12Collections totaled $777 million, however, an obligation limitation of $537.5 million was placed on total availability
13Previously funded OJP programs may still be operational for either of the following reasons: (1) the program may be operating on funds appropriated in prior fiscal years; (2) the program may be subsumed under another program that is currently funded.
14A program authorized to provide funds, equipment, intelligence information, and/or personnel to a requesting State in the event of a law enforcement emergency.
15Funds transferred from the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
16Refers to an appropriation to be allocated to States housing Mariel Cuban refugees in State correctional facilities.
SOURCE: "Table 1.11. Allocation of Office of Justice Programs' Funds," in Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 2000, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC, 2001