Alcohol Crime and Drugs - The Federal Government's Role
fiscal department table enforcement
The federal government has addressed the drug problem in two ways: reduction of supply through enforcement and interdiction, and reduction of demand through education, prevention, and treatment. According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, actual federal spending on drug control programs increased from $1.5 billion in 1981 to $12.1 billion in FY 2004. A total of $12.6 billion has been proposed for the 2005 budget year, an increase of 4.7 percent over 2004. The money is spent in three distinct areas: stopping drug use, healing drug users, and disrupting the market for drugs. (See Figure 8.6.) Among the programs meant to stop drug use are the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, an ongoing series of anti-drug advertising messages, and the Drug-Free Communities Program, which supports local anti-drug coalitions. To assist drug users in their efforts to quit using drugs, the Access to Recovery initiative provides vouchers for those wishing medical care. To disrupt the drug market, the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces focus law enforcement efforts on major drug trafficking organizations.
Drug control spending by individual departments in FY 2004 included: $3.5 billion for the Department of Health and Human Services; $1.7 billion for the Drug Enforcement Administration; and $1.1 billion for Customs and Border Protection. (See Table 8.10.) By function, the FY 2004 budget spent $5.4 billion on demand reduction efforts, $3.1 billion on domestic law enforcement, $2.5 billion on interdiction, and $1.1 billion on international efforts. (See Table 8.11.)
TABLE 8.10
Agency summary of drug control funding, 2003–2005
(Budget authority in millions)
| Fiscal year 2003 final | Fiscal year 2004 enacted | Fiscal year 2005 request | |
| Department of Defense | $905.9 | $908.6 | $852.7 |
| Department of Education | 644.0 | 624.5 | 611.0 |
| Department of Health and Human Services | |||
| National Institute on Drug Abuse | 960.9 | 990.8 | 1,019.1 |
| Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration | 2,354.3 | 2,488.7 | 2,637.7 |
| Total HHS | 3,315.2 | 3,479.5 | 3,656.8 |
| Department of Homeland Security | |||
| Immigration and Customs enforcement | 518.0 | 538.7 | 575.8 |
| Customs and border protection | 873.9 | 1,070.5 | 1,121.4 |
| U.S. Coast Guard | 648.1 | 773.7 | 822.3 |
| Total HLS | 2,040.0 | 2,382.9 | 2,519.4 |
| Department of Justice | |||
| Bureau of Prisons | 43.2 | 47.7 | 49.3 |
| Drug Enforcement Administration | 1,639.8 | 1,703.0 | 1,815.7 |
| Interagency Crime and Drug Enforcement1 | 477.2 | 550.6 | 580.6 |
| Office of Justice Programs | 269.6 | 181.3 | 304.3 |
| Total Department of Justice | 2,429.8 | 2,482.7 | 2,749.9 |
| ONDCP | |||
| Operations | 26.3 | 27.8 | 27.6 |
| High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Program | 226.0 | 225.0 | 208.4 |
| Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center | 46.5 | 41.8 | 40.0 |
| Other Federal Drug Control Programs | 221.8 | 227.6 | 235.0 |
| Total ONDCP | 520.6 | 522.2 | 511.0 |
| Department of State | |||
| Bureau of International Narcotics and | |||
| Law Enforcement Affairs | 874.3 | 914.4 | 921.6 |
| Department of Veterans Affairs | |||
| Veterans Health Administration | 663.7 | 765.3 | 822.8 |
| Other presidential priorities2 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 3.5 |
| Total, federal drug budget | $11,397.0 | $12,082.3 | $12,648.6 |
| 1Prior to FY 2004, funds for the Interagency Crime and Drug Enforcement programs were appropriated into two accounts, one in the Justice Department and one in the Treasury Department. Beginning in fiscal year 2004 those accounts were consolidated. | |||
| In this table funding is shown as combined for all three years. | |||
| 2Includes the Small Business Administration's Drug Free Workplace grants and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drug Impaired Driving program. | |||
| SOURCE: "Table 2: Drug Control Funding: Agency Summary, Fiscal Year 2003–Fiscal Year 2005," in National Drug Control Strategy, FY 2005 Budget Summary, The White House, Washington, DC, March, 2004 | |||
Federal drug seizures, as reported by five federal law enforcement agencies, increased for most types of drugs from 1989 to 2002. In 1989 about 1.3 million pounds of drugs were seized, compared to 2.6 million in 2002. A large rise in drug seizures occurred for heroin, more than doubling from 2,415 pounds in 1989 to 6,900 pounds seized in 2002. (See Table 8.12.) In FY 2002, drug interdiction efforts by the federal government accounted for the seizure of 225,122 pounds of cocaine, 2.4 million pounds of marijuana, and 193 pounds of hashish. Seizures of hashish in 2002 showed a marked decline from the amounts seized in some earlier years, perhaps due to less demand for the drug.
TABLE 8.11
Historical drug control funding by function, 1996–2005
(budget authority in millions)
| Functional areas* | Fiscal year 1996 actual | Fiscal year 1997 actual | Fiscal year 1998 actual | Fiscal year 1999 actual | Fiscal year 2000 final | Fiscal year 2001 final | Fiscal year 2002 final | Fiscal year 2003 final | Fiscal year 2004 enacted | Fiscal year 2005 request |
| Demand reduction | ||||||||||
| Drug abuse treatment | $1,928.7 | $2,132.7 | $1,947.4 | $2,175.6 | $2,241.6 | $2,491.6 | $2,544.7 | $2,612.5 | $2,775.3 | $3,084.8 |
| Drug abuse prevention | 902.0 | 1,106.9 | 1,330.8 | 1,407.6 | 1,445.8 | 1,540.8 | 1,639.0 | 1,583.6 | 1,579.2 | 1,566.1 |
| Treatment research | 281.6 | 309.6 | 322.2 | 373.5 | 421.6 | 489.0 | 547.8 | 611.4 | 616.7 | 632.5 |
| Prevention research | 187.4 | 206.5 | 219.6 | 249.9 | 280.8 | 326.8 | 367.4 | 382.9 | 406.0 | 411.5 |
| Total demand reduction | 3,299.7 | 3,755.6 | 3,819.9 | 4,206.6 | 4,389.7 | 4,848.3 | 5,098.9 | 5,190.3 | 5,377.3 | 5,694.9 |
| percentage | 52.6% | 49.9% | 50.1% | 45.7% | 43.2% | 49.4% | 46.8% | 45.5% | 44.5% | 45.0% |
| Domestic law enforcement | 1,624.1 | 1,836.3 | 1,937.5 | 2,100.6 | 2,238.3 | 2,462.8 | 2,794.7 | 2,954.1 | 3,080.5 | 3,201.1 |
| percentage | 25.9% | 24.4% | 25.4% | 22.8% | 22.0% | 25.1% | 25.7% | 25.9% | 25.5% | 25.3% |
| Interdiction | 1,106.7 | 1,549.3 | 1,406.5 | 2,155.6 | 1,904.4 | 1,895.3 | 1,913.7 | 2,147.5 | 2,490.6 | 2,602.7 |
| percentage | 17.6% | 20.6% | 18.4% | 23.4% | 18.8% | 19.3% | 17.6% | 18.8% | 20.6% | 20.6% |
| International | 243.6 | 389.9 | 464.0 | 746.3 | 1,619.2 | 617.3 | 1,084.5 | 1,105.1 | 1,133.9 | 1,149.9 |
| percentage | 3.9% | 5.2% | 6.1% | 8.1% | 15.9% | 6.3% | 10.0% | 9.7% | 9.4% | 9.1% |
| Totals | $6,274.1 | $7,531.2 | $7,628.0 | $9,209.1 | $10,151.5 | $9,823.8 | $10,891.9 | $11,397.0 | $12,082.3 | $12,648.6 |
| * Consistent with the restructured drug budget, ONDCP has adjusted the amounts reported for fiscal years 1996–2002 to eliminate the BYRNE grant funding from this table and have included funding for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drug Impaired Driving program. | ||||||||||
| SOURCE: "Table 3: Historical Drug Control Funding by Function FY 1996–2005," in National Drug Control Strategy, FY 2005 Budget Summary, The White House, Washington, DC, March 2004 | ||||||||||
TABLE 8.12
Federal drug seizures, by drug type, 1989–2002
| Pounds seized* | |||||
| Fiscal year | Total | Heroin | Cocaine | Marijuana | Hashish |
| 1989 | 1,343,702 | 2,415 | 218,697 | 1,070,965 | 51,625 |
| 1990 | 738,004 | 1,704 | 235,885 | 483,353 | 17,062 |
| 1991 | 926,700 | 3,067 | 246,325 | 499,097 | 178,211 |
| 1992 | 1,093,366 | 2,552 | 303,289 | 783,477 | 4,048 |
| 1993 | 1,045,997 | 3,516 | 244,315 | 772,086 | 26,080 |
| 1994 | 1,355,678 | 2,898 | 309,710 | 1,041,445 | 1,625 |
| 1995 | 1,576,865 | 2,569 | 234,105 | 1,308,171 | 32,020 |
| 1996 | 1,718,552 | 3,373 | 253,297 | 1,429,786 | 32,096 |
| 1997 | 1,796,863 | 3,121 | 252,329 | 1,488,362 | 53,051 |
| 1998 | 2,047,558 | 3,499 | 266,029 | 1,777,434 | 596 |
| 1999 | 2,571,355 | 2,733 | 284,631 | 2,282,313 | 1,678 |
| 2000 | 2,894,200 | 6,640 | 248,827 | 2,614,746 | 23,987 |
| 2001 | 2,919,608 | 4,392 | 239,957 | 2,674,826 | 433 |
| 2002 | 2,644,580 | 6,900 | 225,122 | 2,412,365 | 193 |
| *Figures are rounded to the nearest pound. | |||||
| SOURCE: "Table 4.36: Federal Drug Seizures, Fiscal Years 1989–2002," in Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 2002, U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC, 2003 | |||||
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