Index - A

ACP-ASIM (American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine), 6

AD. See Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Adkins, Janet, 73

Adolescents, health care decisions for, 55

Advance directives
     absence of, 82-83
     artificial nutrition and hydration, 83
     Do Not Resuscitate orders, 27, 27f
     durable power of attorney for health care, 85-86
     effectiveness, 86-89
     "Five Wishes," 81
     flexibility, 88-89
     history, 79
     living wills, 79-81, 80f, 81f, 85-86, 89f
     nontreatment directives, 80
     pain management, 83-85
     Patient Self-Determination Act, 89-90, 99
     power of attorney for health care and combined advance directive legislation, 91t-98t
     pregnancy restriction in living will statutes, 81f
     sample, 82f-87f
     Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA), 87
     "Will to Live," 81

African Americans. See Black/African Americans

Afterlife
     ancient world, 1
     near-death experiences, 10-11
     Nineteenth century beliefs, 3
     public opinion, 151, 152f

AIDS. See HIV/AIDS

Alliance for Aging Research, 128-129

Alzheimer's disease (AD), 128, 140-142, 147f, 147t

AMA. See American Medical Association (AMA)

American Academy of Neurology (ANN), 9

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 50, 54

American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (ACPASIM)
     ethical guidelines, 17
     physician-assisted suicide position, 78
     support of hospice care, 6

American Indians and Alaska Natives
     cancer incidence and mortality rates by site, 143t
     cerebrovascular diseases, death rates for, 144t-145t
     death rates for heart diseases, 139t-141t
     infant mortality, 42t-43t
     low birthweight infants, 51t-53t, 54t
     Medicaid recipients and vendor payment by eligibility basis, 122t
     suicide rates, 58t-60t

American Medical Association (AMA)
     anencephalic newborns and organ transplantation, 37
     End-of-Life Care (EPEC) Project, 17
     ethical guidelines, 17
     persistent vegetative state (PVS), criteria for, 29-30

Ancient world, 1-2

Anencephalic infants, 36-37, 43, 48(t 5.5)

ANN (American Academy of Neurology), 9

Artificial nutrition and hydration
     advance directives, 83
     clear and convincing evidence for withholding of, 108-111
     hospitals' rights, 105-106
     nursing homes' rights, 106-107
     overview, 28
     persistent vegetative state (PVS) patients, 32
     physicians' consideration of family views on, 32t
     state statutes, 89f, 90f
     tests for removal of, 104-105

Ashcroft, John, 74

Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
     cancer incidence and mortality rates by site, 143t
     cerebrovascular diseases, death rates for, 144t-145t
     death rates for heart diseases, 139t-141t
     infant mortality, 42t-43t
     low birthweight infants, 51t-53t, 54t
     Medicaid recipients and vendor payment by eligibility basis, 122t
     suicide rates, 58t-60t

Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act, 66-67, 66f

Augustine, St., 13