Few noticeable changes have occurred in the occupational situations of African-Americans since the 1990s. In 2002 African-Americans accounted for 10.9 percent of the civilian labor force age sixteen and over. Of the entire employed population of African Americans, 22.7 percent held managerial and professional positions, compared to 31.9 percent of employed white Americans. Only 26.3 percent of all…
Significant occupational differences exist among Hispanic subgroups. Overall, Hispanics are less likely than African-Americans to hold professional and technical positions. In 2002 Hispanics held 5.8 percent of managerial and professional jobs, compared to African-Americans, who held 8 percent of such jobs. (See Table 4.2.) A sizable proportion of Cuban Americans, however, hold such jobs. Like Afr…
The higher educational attainment of many Asian-Americans has resulted in a greater proportion working in higher-paying jobs than other minority groups. In March 2000, 17.4 percent of Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs) were in executive, administrative, and managerial positions. An additional 21.9 percent were in other professional occupations. In comparison, 16.4 percent of non-Hispanic whites w…
In 2001 the proportion of Native Americans and Alaska Natives serving as officials and managers was low, comprising only 0.4 percent of the overall population of workers in these fields. Approximately 11.1 percent of employed Native Americans and Alaska Natives were professionals. Native Americans and Alaska Natives were more likely to be employed as operatives, sales workers, office and clerical …
Traditionally, white males have held most of the higher-level positions in the federal government. Along with cabinet members, who are selected by the president, these high-level officials wield the power in federal government. This holds true for many agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Immigration and Naturalization Service, and Customs Service. A major contributor to this s…
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, African-American businesses represented 4 percent of nonagricultural businesses in the United States in 1997. The 1997 Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises (Washington, DC, 2001), reported revenues from African-American-owned businesses reached $71.2 billion. While the Census Bureau has tracked these numbers for years, changes to the surveys prevent th…
The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (PL 100-497, 1988) gives tribes "the exclusive right to regulate gaming on Indian lands if the gaming activity is not specifically prohibited by federal law and is conducted within a State which does not, as a matter of criminal law and public policy, prohibit such gaming activity." The law requires that only tribes, not individuals, run gaming operat…
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