Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 160
Adaptive management, 30-31
Adelie penguins, 50
Advisories
fish consumption advisories, total number of, 2002, 87f
lake acres/river miles under advisory, 1993-2002, 88 (f5.6)
lakes, trends in number of lake acres under advisory for various pollutants, 1993-2002, 86f
Africa
African wildlife used for medicinal purposes, 156, 159
bush meat in, 159
cheetahs of, 123-124
cichlids in, 93
elephants and ivory trade in, 164
elephants of, 125-126
quagga of, 115, 128-129, 129f
rhinoceros of, 124, 125
tropical forests in, 70
wildlife trade in, 162-163
African cherry, 80
African elephants, 125-126, 164
African gray parrots, 161, 163
African rhinoceros, 125
African rock python, 159
African wild ass, 159
Agarwood, 161
Agriculture
animals used in research for, 159
fertilizers, water pollution from, 83
habitat destruction from, 7
habitat loss for birds from, 131
Mead's milkweed endangerment from, 68
pesticides, water pollution from, 81, 83
rainforest deforestation for, 70-71
Salton Sea and, 134
Agroforestry, 71
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), 160
Air pollution, 107
Air quality, 47
Alaska
Exxon Valdez oil spill, 83-84, 132, 133f
level III ecoregions of, 2003, 74f-76f
subsistence whaling in, 165, 166
Tongass National Forest in, 72-73
See also Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Albatross
decline from longline fishing, 90
threatened, 131
Aleutian Canada goose
population, decline/recovery of, 144t
recovery of, 142
wintering areas in California, 1975-2000, peak counts of, 143f
Algae
cichlids and, 93
coral bleaching and, 51
coral reefs and, 101
fertilizers and, 83, 108
Salton Sea and, 134
Alligators
American alligator, range of, 114 (f6.8)
leather trade and, 153-154
reptile trade, 155
Altitude
diseases and, 47
species shifts from global warming, 50-51
Amazon rainforest, 70
American alligator
leather trade and, 154
range of, 114 (f6.8)
recovery of, 114
American Birding Association (ABA), 169-170
American crocodile, 114
American Farm Bureau Federation, 119
American Rivers, 87 "America's 10 Most Endangered Wild Lands" (Wilderness Society), 26-27
Amphibians
amphibian groups, major, 105t
caecilians, 108
decline in populations, 106-107
deformities, 107-108, 108 (f6.2) disappearance of, 6
endangered or threatened amphibians, February 2004, 107t
endangered or threatened species, February 2004, 17t
frogs/toads, 108-109
number threatened, 105
salamanders, 108
Texas blind salamander, 108 (f6.3)
threatened and endangered animal species found on National Wildlife Refuge System, 2004, 33t
AmphibiaWeb, 106
Amphipod, Kauai cave, 150
Anderson, Daniel, 132
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 159
Animal Welfare Act (AWA), 159
Animals
in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 27-28
bush meat, 159
collectors of rare/exotic species, 154-156, 155f, 156t
endangered, list of, 3
global warming and, 50-51
threatened and endangered animal species found on National Wildlife Refuge System, 2004, 33t
trade, fur/feathers/leather, 153-154, 154f
trade, world "leaders" in, 161-163
used in medical/scientific research, 159-161, 160f
used in medicine, 156, 157t-158t, 159
See also specific animal species
Antarctica
Larsen B ice shelf, 47, 50f
penguins of, 50
phytoplankton depletion in, 91
whaling, 165
Antelope, Tibetan, 153, 161
ANWR. See Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
"ANWR Oil" (Hickel), 28
APHIS (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service), 159
Aphrodisiacs, 156, 162
Aquatic invasive species, 90-91
Aquatic species and habitats
adaptive management in aquatic habitats, 30-31
amphibians in aquatic habitats, 105
aquatic invasive species, 90-91
aquatic/wetland species at risk, 1996, 82f
biomagnification of mercury in food chain, 85f
chinook salmon, endangered or threatened, ESUs of, 2002, 97f
chinook salmon ESUs, trends in abundance of endangered or threatened, 1980-2002, 98f
dams, 85-89
dams, primary purpose or benefit of, 88 (f5.7)
dams, Three Gorges Dam, 89f
endangered aquatic species, 91-95, 97-103
endangered or threatened fish species, February 2004, 95t
endangered species of clam, snail, crustaceans, February 2004, 96t
fish consumption advisories, total number of, 2002, 87f
Higgins eye, 94 (f5.13)
lake acres/river miles under advisory, percentage of, 1993-2002, 88 (f5.6)
lakes under advisory for various pollutants, trends in number of, 1993-2002, 86f
laws protecting, 103-104
manatees, 101f
marine debris in environment, length of stay, 85t
marine food chain, 93 (f5.11)
Marine Mammal Authorization Program mortality/injury report, 2000, 103t
national watershed characterization, September 1999, 83f
overfishing, 89-90
Paiute cutthroat trout population estimates from Upper Fish Valley reach of Silver King Creek, 1964-2001, 100f
Paiute cutthroat trout recovery plan overview, 99t
Paiute cutthroat trout, summary of threats, recommended recovery actions for, 100t
pearly-mussels in upper Mississippi River drainage, decline of, 1920-2000, 93 (f5.10)
species at risk of extinction, proportion of, 1997, 94 (f5.12)
water division, Aral Sea, 89
water pollution and, 81, 83-85
zebra mussel distribution, 1998 and 2003, 91f-92f
Aquatic species, endangered
chinook salmon ESUs, endangered or threatened, 2002, 97f
chinook salmon ESUs, trends in abundance of endangered or threatened, 1980-2002, 98f
coral reefs, 101
dams and, 88
endangered or threatened fish species, February 2004, 95t
endangered species of clam, snail, crustaceans, February 2004, 96t
fish, 92-95, 97-101
marine mammals, 101-103
mussels, freshwater, 91-92
number of, 91
Paiute cutthroat trout population estimates from Upper Fish Valley reach of Silver King Creek, 1964-2001, 100f
Paiute cutthroat trout recovery plan overview, 99t
Paiute cutthroat trout, summary of threats, recommended recovery actions for, 100t
proportion of species at risk of extinction, 1997, 94 (f5.12)
salmon, 87
Arachnids
endangered spiders, 145, 150
endangered/threatened, February 2004, 18t, 146t
Aral Sea, 89
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
caribou, calving locations of radio-collared female during 1983-99, 39f
land status, generalized view of, by 1961, 37f
oil drilling in, 27-28, 30
public opinion on drilling in, 53
terrestrial polar bear den locations (Beaufort sea population), 1981-2000, 38f
Arctic species, 50
Argalis
endangered, 153
photograph of, 154f
Argentina, wildlife trade in, 162
Army Corps of Engineers, 88
Arrhenius, Svante, 41
Asia
animals/plants used in medicine, 156, 157
bush meat in, 159
dam construction in, 88
wildlife trade in, 162
Asian box turtle, 106f
Asian eels, 90
Asian elephants, 125-126
Asian turtles, 106f, 164
Asoka (Indian emperor), 11
Ass, African wild, 159
Astronomical events, 1
Atmosphere, 41-45
Australia
amphibians in, 106, 107, 109
ecotourism in, 169
feral cats in, 116
Great Barrier Reef, 30, 51
AWA (Animal Welfare Act), 159
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