Fay, John, 122
Feather trade
birds hunted for, 153, 154
eagle feathers, 162
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 87-88
Federal lands
caribou, calving locations of radio-collared female during 1983-99, 39f
land status, generalized view of, by 1961, 37f
National Forest Service acreage, 2004, 28 (t2.11)
National Forest System, 2004, 29f
National Forests, 25
National Park System, 23-25
National Park System, 2002, 27f
National Park System, areas with largest numbers of endangered, threatened, proposed, candidate species, June 1, 2001, 28 (t2.10)
National Wildlife Refuge System, 26
National Wildlife Refuge System, 2004, 32f
National Wildlife Refuge System land holdings, as of September 30, 1999, 30 (t2.12)
National Wildlife Refuge System, threatened or endangered animal species found on, 2004, 33t
National Wildlife Refuge System, threatened or endangered plant species found on, 2004, 34t
National Wildlife Refuges for endangered species, 2004, 30t-31t
terrestrial polar bear den locations (Beaufort sea population), 1981-2000, 38f
U.S. land management history, 23
wild lands under attack, 26-28
wilderness areas in national wildlife refuges and national fish hatcheries, 2002, 35t-37t
Federal Register, 13
Ferns and allies, endangered or threatened, 20t
Ferret, black-footed, 116-117, 117f
Fertilizers
amphibian declines from, 107, 109
amphibian deformities from, 108
Florida Everglades and, 78
habitat destruction from, 7
nitrous oxide from, 42
water pollution from, 83
Fin whales, 170
Fire suppression, 78
Fires, 72
Fischer's lovebird, 163
Fish
adaptive management and, 30-31
chinook salmon ESUs, endangered or threatened, 2002, 97f
chinook salmon ESUs, trends in abundance of endangered or threatened, 1980-2002, 98f
dams effect on, 87, 88
endangered, 92-95, 97-101
endangered or threatened fish species, February 2004, 17t-18t, 95t
mercury contamination in, 84
National Wildlife Refuges and, 26
number of threatened/endangered, 91
overfishing, 89-90
threatened and endangered animal species found on National Wildlife Refuge System, 2004, 33t
trade of tropical fish, 156
water diversion and, 89
Fish consumption advisories, 87f
Fish Replenishment Areas, 156
Fishing
albatross deaths from, 131
in Aral Sea, 89
CITES and, 164
dolphins killed by, 102
overfishing, 89-90
overfishing of sharks, 100
recreational, 167
Flightless birds, 132, 133
Florida
Everglades National Park, 29, 78, 90
Florida panther, 122-123
habitat destruction in, 7
manatees decline in, 102
mangroves in, 79
swallowtail butterflies decline in, 145
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, 101
Florida panther, endangered, 122-123
Flowering plants
endangered or threatened species, February 2004, 18t-20t, 56t-61t
threatened species, 59-60
"flying" lizards, 112
Food chain
biomagnification of mercury in, 85f
marine food chain, 93 (f5.11)
phytoplankton depletion, 91
Forest fragmentation, 69
Forest Stewardship Council, 71
Forests
birds threatened by deforestation, 131-132
as carbon sinks, 43-44
deforestation, 69
effect on carbon dioxide concentrations, 49 (f3.11)
loss from global warming, 50-51
North American forests, 71-73
rainforests, 69-71
spotted owls and, 137
types of forests, 68-69
woodpeckers threatened by loss of, 136
See also Deforestation; Tropical forests (rainforests)
Fort Hood (TX), 136
Fossil fuels
carbon dioxide emissions from, 43
global warming and, 7
Fourier, Jean-Baptiste, 41
Freshwater mussels, 91-92
Freshwater turtles, 161
Frogs
characteristics of, 108-109
decline of, 107
deformities, 107-108, 108 (f6.2)
endangered, 109
metamorphosis of, 105
Funding
conservation of listed species, 14
ecosystem conservation, 29-30
endangered or threatened species with highest reported expenditures, fiscal years 1998-2000, 23t
National Wildlife Refuge System, 26
plant conservation, 79
Fur trade, 153
Futuyma, Douglas, 145
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