Salamanders
decline from habitat destruction, 107
endangered, 108
Texas blind salamander, 108 (f6.3)
Salinity, 134
Salmon
chinook salmon ESUs, endangered or threatened, 2002, 97f
chinook salmon ESUs, trends in abundance of endangered or threatened, 1980-2002, 98f
dam removal for, 88
dams effect on, 87
endangered, 93-94
Klamath Basin conflict, 94-95, 97
Salton Sea, 133-134
Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge, 134
Salton Sea Test Base (SSTB), 134
Salton Sink, 134
San Diego County (CA), 16
San Diego Zoo (CA), 122
San Francisco garter snake, 112
Santa Cruz Mountains (CA)
insects of, endangered, 147, 149
summary of threats to insects/plants, 152 (t9.5)
Save the Manatee Club, 102
Scarlet macaw
photograph of, 155f
trade of, 162
Scientific research
animals used in, 159-161
animals used in research, experiments, testing, teaching, fiscal year 2001, 160f
whaling and, 165
Sclater's guenon, 127
Sea levels, rise of, 46, 48
Sea lions
endangered, 103
oil spill and, 84
Sea turtles, 110-111
Seahorse species, 164
Seals
Caribbean monk seal, 8, 102
endangered, 102-103
sealing in Namibia, 162
Seattle Audubon Society, 137
Seattle (WA), 164
Selective management, 72
Senegal, 162-163
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 28
Sex determination, temperature-dependent, 51
Sharks
endangerment of, 100-101
hunting of, 161
trade controls for, 164
Sharp, Brian, 132
Sheep
argalis, 153, 154f
bighorn sheep, 127
Ship ballast water, 90
Shortnose sucker, 97
Showy stickseed, 67
Shrimp industry
import legislation, 163
threat to mangroves, 79
turtles and, 110, 111
Siberia, 165
Siberian tiger
endangered, 123
photograph of, 124f
Silva, Tony, 161
Smuggling
animals, 154-156
birds, 133
wildlife trade, world "leaders" in, 161-163
Snail darter, 99-100
Snails
endangered or threatened species, February 2004, 18t
endangered species of clam, snail, crustaceans, February 2004, 96t
number of threatened/endangered, 91
threatened and endangered animal species found on National Wildlife Refuge System, 2004, 33t
Snake River
dam removal on, 88
salmon decline in, 93
Snakes
brown tree snake, 133
Lake Erie watersnake, 112, 113f, 113t
reptile trade, 155
threatened or endangered, 112
used in medicine, 159
Solar cycles, 45
Songbirds
endangered, 134-135, 136
killed by domestic cats, 132, 133
North American Breeding Bird Survey, 135-136
trade of, 133
South Africa
ecotourism in, 169
elephants and, 125-126
ivory trade in, 164
quagga of, 128-129, 129f
South America
bush meat in, 159
wildlife trade in, 162
South Asian vultures, 139-141
South Vietnam, 79
Southern Ocean Sanctuary, 165
Species
in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 27-28
definition of, 1
global warming and biodiversity decreases, 48, 50-51
Species conservation
caribou, calving locations of radio-collared female during 1983-99, 39f
delisted species report, February 2004, 25t
ecosystem conservation, 28-31
endangered or threatened list, number of species that are candidates for, by state or territory, 2004, 16f
endangered or threatened species, February 2004, 17t-20t
endangered or threatened species with highest reported expenditures, fiscal years 1998-2000, 23t
Endangered Species Act of 1973, 11-16, 20, 23
Endangered Species Act, petition process to list a species as threatened or endangered under, 13f
endangered species list, first, 1967, 12t
endangered, threatened, proposed, candidate species found in units of National Park Service, June 1, 2001, 26 (t2.9)
endangered/threatened species, proposed additions to list of, by state or territory, 2004, 14f
experimental populations, 2004, 21t-22t
federal lands and wildlife protection, 23-28
international efforts, 31, 34, 36-38
land status, generalized view of, by 1961, 37f
National Forest Service acreage, 2004, 28 (t2.11)
National Forest System, 2004, 29f
National Park System, 2002, 27f
National Park System, areas with largest numbers of endangered, threatened, proposed, candidate species, June 1, 2001, 28 (t2.10)
National Wildlife Refuge System, 2004, 32f
National Wildlife Refuge System land holdings, as of September 30, 1999, 30 (t2.12)
National Wildlife Refuge System, threatened or endangered animal species found on, 2004, 33t National Wildlife Refuge System, threatened or endangered plant species found on, 2004, 34t
National Wildlife Refuges for endangered species, 2004, 30t-31t
reclassified threatened and endangered species, February 2004, 24t
species prevention history, 11
species proposed for status change or delisting, February 2004, 26 (t2.8)
species proposed to be added to endangered or threatened list, 2004, 15t
terrestrial polar bear den locations (Beaufort sea population), 1981-2000, 38f
wilderness areas in national wildlife refuges and national fish hatcheries, 2002, 35t-37t
zoos and, 38-39
Species endangerment, 6-9, 6 (f1.4)
Species protection, 11
Spiders
Endangered Species List and, 145
endangered/threatened, February 2004, 146t
overview of, 150
Spirit of the Sage Council, 16
Spotted owls, 137
See also Northern spotted owl Spring rise, 97
Spruce bark beetles, 51
Spruce-fir moss spider, 150-151
Squirrel, Northern Idaho ground
listing factors/threats for, 118t
probable historical distribution and primary/secondary metapopulation sites, 2003, 118f
threat to forests, 117
SSTB (Salton Sea Test Base), 134
Star cactus, 66-67
StarKist, 102
States
endangered or threatened list, number of species that are candidates for, by state or territory, 2004, 16f
endangered/threatened species list, proposed additions to, by state or territory, 2004, 14f
fish consumption advisories, total number of, 2002, 87f
National Forest System, 2004, 29f
National Park System, 2002, 27f
number of endangered/threatened species, by state or territory, 2004, 4, 5f
wilderness areas in National Wildlife Refuges and National Fish Hatcheries, 2002, 35t-37t
Statistical information
Aleutian Canada geese wintering areas in California, 1975-2000, peak counts of, 143f
aquatic/wetland species at risk, 1996, 82f
at-risk species living in coastal sage scrub habitats in southern California, 65t
at-risk species living in late-successional forests in western Oregon, Washington, and northwestern California, 64 (t4.5)
at-risk species living in longleaf pine or wiregrass habitats in southern coastal plain, 66t-67t
carbon dioxide emissions, world, from energy consumption, 1992-2001, 47f
carbon dioxide sources, 2001, 46 (f3.5)
carbon dioxide, total world emissions of, 1995 and 2035, 46 (f3.6)
caribou, calving locations of radio-collared female during 1983-99, 39f
chinook salmon ESUs, trends in abundance of endangered or threatened, 1980-2002, 98f
delisted species report, February 2004, 25t
endangered or threatened species with highest reported expenditures, fiscal years 1998-2000, 23t
endangered, threatened, proposed, candidate species found in units of National Park Service, June 1, 2001, 26 (t2.9)
endangered/threatened species and recovery plans, 2004, 3t
endangered/threatened species, proposed additions to list of, by state or territory, 2004, 14f
energy consumption by energy source, U.S., 2001, 48 (f3.9)
energy consumption, U.S., 2001, 48 (f3.8)
expenditures for wildlife-related recreation, 2001, 167f
extinct species in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin, 2t
fish consumption advisories, total number of, 2002, 87f
greenhouse gas emissions and sinks, U.S., trends in, 1990 and 1995-2001, 45t
greenhouse gas emissions in U.S., change in, 1991-2001, 43 (f3.2)
greenhouse gas emissions, U.S., by gas, 2002, 43 (f3.3)
Hawaiian forest birds, federally listed endangered species of, 2003, 140t
human-caused reductions in westside California plant communities and formations, 64 (t4.4)
invasive species, impact of, 9f
lake acres/river miles under advisory, percentage of, 1993-2002, 88 (f5.6)
lakes under advisory for various pollutants, trends in number of, 1993-2002, 86f
Marine Mammal Authorization Program mortality/injury report, 2000, 103t
medicine, observations during survey of Golden Rock, Myanmar, April 16-17, 2000, 157t-158t
methane sources, 2001, 48 (f3.10)
National Forest Service acreage, 2004, 28 (t2.11)
National Park System, areas with largest numbers of endangered, threatened, proposed, candidate species, June 1, 2001, 28 (t2.10)
national watershed characterization, September 1999, 83f
National Wildlife Refuge System land holdings, as of September 30, 1999, 30 (t2.12)
National Wildlife Refuges for endangered species, 2004, 30t-31t
nonresidential wildlife-activity participants, type of site visited by, 2001, 171 (f11.9)
nonresidential wildlife-activity participants who observed/fed/photographed wildlife, percent of, 2001, 171 (f11.8)
nonresidential wildlife-watching participants by wildlife observed/photographed/fed and place, 2001, 171 (t11.1)
number of endangered or threatened species, by state or territory, 2004, 5f
number of species listed as endangered or threatened per calendar year, 1980-2002, 4f
Paiute cutthroat trout population estimates from Upper Fish Valley reach of Silver King Creek, 1964-2001, 100f
pearly-mussels in upper Mississippi River drainage, decline of, 1920-2000, 93 (f5.10)
polar bear den locations (Beaufort sea population), 1981-2000, 38f
rare-bird trade, profits to be made in, 156t
research, experiments, testing, teaching, animals used in, fiscal year 2001, 160f
residential wildlife activity participants, percent of total by activity, 2001, 169 (f11.4)
residential wildlife observers, percent of by type of wildlife, 2001, 169 (f11.5)
species at risk of extinction, proportion of, 1997, 94 (f5.12)
species endangerment, contributing factors in, 6 (f1.4)
turtles, number of leatherback turtles and leatherback remigrants returning to nesting grounds at Sandy Point, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, 1981-97, 111f
wetlands, average annual net wetland loss for the conterminous U.S., 1950s-1990s, 72 (f4.6)
wetlands, change in wetland area for selected wetland and deepwater categories, 1986-97, 71t
wetlands, change in wetlands converted to various land uses, 1986-97, 72 (f4.7)
wilderness areas in national wildlife refuges and national fish hatcheries, 2002, 35t-37t
wildlife watchers as percent of U.S. population, by age, 2001, 170 (f11.7)
wildlife watchers as percent of U.S. population, by residence, 2001, 170 (f11.6)
wildlife watching: number of people who observed/fed/photographed wildlife, 1980-2001, 168 (f11.2)
wolf breeding pairs in Northern Rocky Mountain states, 1979-2002, 119f
zebra mussel distribution, 1998 and 2003, 91f-92f
Stellar sea lions, 103
Sturgeon, 161
Subsistence whaling, 165-166
Sudden Oak Death, 72
Sulfur dioxide, 44
Sumatran tiger, 123
Sun, 45
Sunderbans Forest (India), 123
Sundew plant, 78
Swallowtail butterfly, 145
Swordfish, 89
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