Library Index :: Health and Wellness Reference :: Defining Health and Wellness - The Health Of The United States, Infant Mortality, Life Expectancy, Mortality, Self-assessed Health Status

Defining Health and Wellness - Self-assessed Health Status

The NCHS regularly asks respondents to household interviews to evaluate their health status. Figure 1.6 shows FIGURE 1.5
Folic acid knowledge and behavior, selected years 1995–2002
that from 1997 through 2003, the percentage of people who considered their health to be excellent or very good was relatively unchanged (approximately 68 percent). Overall, men were slightly more likely to rate their health as excellent. (See Figure 1.7.) However, for both men and women, the percentage who considered their health as excellent or very good decreased with advancing age—82.6 percent for those younger than age eighteen years; 66.6 percent for those aged eighteen through sixty-four years; and 38.6 percent for those sixty-five years of age and older. (See Figure 1.8.) Compared to the 70.8 percent of white survey respondents who assessed their health as excellent or very good, fewer African-American (56.9 percent) and Hispanic (57.8 percent) survey respondents rated their health status as excellent or very good. (See Figure 1.9.)

TABLE 1.8
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, according to detailed race and Hispanic origin of mother, selected years 1983–2000
[Data are based on linked birth and death certificates for infants]

Race and Hispanic origin of mother 1983 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001
Infant1 deaths per 1,000 live births
All mothers 10.9 10.4 8.9 7.6 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.8
White 9.3 8.9 7.3 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7
Black or African American 19.2 18.6 16.9 14.6 13.8 14.0 13.5 13.3
American Indian or Alaska Native 15.2 13.1 13.1 9.0 9.3 9.3 8.3 9.7
Asian or Pacific Islander 8.3 7.8 6.6 5.3 5.5 4.8 4.9 4.7
Chinese 9.5 5.8 4.3 3.8 4.0 2.9 3.5 3.2
Japanese *5.6 *6.0 *5.5 *5.3 *3.4 *3.5 *4.5 *4.0
Filipino 8.4 7.7 6.0 5.6 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.5
Hawaiian 11.2 *9.9 *8.0 *6.5 9.9 *7.0 9.0 *7.3
Other Asian or Pacific Islander 8.1 8.5 7.4 5.5 5.7 5.1 4.8 4.8
Hispanic or Latino2,3 9.5 8.8 7.5 6.3 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.4
Mexican 9.1 8.5 7.2 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.2
Puerto Rican 12.9 11.2 9.9 8.9 7.8 8.3 8.2 8.5
Cuban 7.5 8.5 7.2 5.3 *3.7 4.6 4.6 4.2
Central and South American 8.5 8.0 6.8 5.5 5.3 4.7 4.6 5.0
Other and unknown Hispanic or Latino 10.6 9.5 8.0 7.4 6.5 7.2 6.9 6.0
Not Hispanic or Latino
White3 9.2 8.6 7.2 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7
Black or African American3 19.1 18.3 16.9 14.7 13.9 14.1 13.6 13.5
Neonatal1 deaths per 1,000 live births
All mothers 7.1 6.8 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5
White 6.1 5.8 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8
Black or African American 12.5 12.3 11.1 9.6 9.4 9.5 9.1 8.9
American Indian or Alaska Native 7.5 6.1 6.1 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.2
Asian or Pacific Islander 5.2 4.8 3.9 3.4 3.9 3.2 3.4 3.1
Chinese 5.5 3.3 2.3 2.3 2.7 1.8 2.5 1.9
Japanese *3.7 *3.1 *3.5 *3.3 *2.5 *2.8 *2.6 *2.5
Filipino 5.6 5.1 3.5 3.4 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.0
Hawaiian *7.0 *5.7 *4.3 *4.0 *7.2 *4.9 *6.2 *3.6
Other Asian or Pacific Islander 5.0 5.4 4.4 3.7 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.2
Hispanic or Latino2,3 6.2 5.7 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6
Mexican 5.9 5.4 4.5 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5
Puerto Rican 8.7 7.6 6.9 6.1 5.2 5.9 5.8 6.0
Cuban *5.0 6.2 5.3 *3.6 *2.7 *3.5 *3.2 *2.5
Central and South American 5.8 5.6 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.4
Other and unknown Hispanic or Latino 6.4 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.6 3.9
Not Hispanic or Latino
White3 5.9 5.6 4.5 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8
Black or African American3 12.0 11.9 11.0 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.2 9.0
Postneonatal1 deaths per 1,000 live births
All mothers 3.8 3.6 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3
White 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9
Black or African American 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.0 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4
American Indian or Alaska Native 7.7 7.0 7.0 5.1 4.4 4.3 3.9 5.4
Asian or Pacific Islander 3.1 2.9 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6
Chinese 4.0 *2.5 *2.0 *1.5 *1.3 *1.2 *1.0 *1.3
Japanese * *2.9 * * * * * *
Filipino *2.8 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.6 *1.5
Hawaiian *4.2 *4.3 *3.8 * * * * *3.7
Other Asian or Pacific Islander 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.6
Hispanic or Latino2,3 3.3 3.2 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8
Mexican 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7
Puerto Rican 4.2 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5
Cuban *2.5 *2.3 *1.9 *1.7 * * * *1.7
Central and South American 2.6 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.6
Other and unknown Hispanic or Latino 4.2 3.9 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.1
Not Hispanic or Latino
White3 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9
Black or African American3 7.0 6.4 5.9 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.5

TABLE 1.8
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, according to detailed race and Hispanic origin of mother, selected years 1983–2000
[Data are based on linked birth and death certificates for infants]

1983–854 1986–884 1989–914 1996–984 1999–20014
Infant1 deaths per 1,000 live births
All mothers 10.6 9.8 9.0 7.2 6.9
White 9.0 8.2 7.4 6.0 5.7
Black or African American 18.7 17.9 17.1 13.9 13.6
American Indian or Alaska Native 13.9 13.2 12.6 9.3 9.1
Asian or Pacific Islander 8.3 7.3 6.6 5.2 4.8
Chinese 7.4 5.8 5.1 3.4 3.2
Japanese 6.0 6.9 5.3 4.3 4.0
Filipino 8.2 6.9 6.4 5.9 5.7
Hawaiian 11.3 11.1 9.0 8.2 7.8
Other Asian or Pacific Islander 8.6 7.6 7.0 5.5 4.9
Hispanic or Latino2,3 9.2 8.3 7.5 5.9 5.6
Mexican 8.8 7.9 7.2 5.8 5.4
Puerto Rican 12.3 11.1 10.4 8.1 8.4
Cuban 8.0 7.3 6.2 4.7 4.5
Central and South American 8.2 7.5 6.6 5.2 4.8
Other and unknown Hispanic or Latino 9.8 9.0 8.2 6.8 6.7
Not Hispanic or Latino
White3 8.8 8.1 7.3 6.0 5.7
Black or African American3 18.5 17.9 17.2 13.9 13.7
Neonatal1 deaths per 1,000 live births
All mothers 6.9 6.3 5.7 4.8 4.6
White 5.9 5.2 4.7 4.0 3.8
Black or African American 12.2 11.7 11.1 9.3 9.2
American Indian or Alaska Native 6.7 5.9 5.9 4.7 4.5
Asian or Pacific Islander 5.2 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.2
Chinese 4.3 3.3 2.7 2.3 2.1
Japanese 3.4 4.4 3.0 2.6 2.6
Filipino 5.3 4.5 4.0 4.1 4.0
Hawaiian 7.4 7.1 4.8 5.6 4.9
Other Asian or Pacific Islander 5.5 4.7 4.2 3.6 3.3
Hispanic or Latino2,3 6.0 5.3 4.8 3.9 3.8
Mexican 5.7 5.0 4.5 3.8 3.6
Puerto Rican 8.3 7.2 7.0 5.4 5.9
Cuban 5.9 5.3 4.6 3.5 3.1
Central and South American 5.7 4.9 4.4 3.6 3.3
Other and unknown Hispanic or Latino 6.1 5.8 5.2 4.5 4.4
Not Hispanic or Latino
White3 5.7 5.1 4.6 3.9 3.8
Black or African American3 11.8 11.4 11.1 9.3 9.2
Postneonatal1 deaths per 1,000 live births
All mothers 3.7 3.5 3.3 2.5 2.3
White 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.1 1.9
Black or African American 6.4 6.2 6.0 4.6 4.4
American Indian or Alaska Native 7.2 7.3 6.7 4.6 4.5
Asian or Pacific Islander 3.1 2.8 2.6 1.8 1.6
Chinese 3.1 2.5 2.4 1.2 1.1
Japanese 2.6 2.5 2.2 *1.7 *1.4
Filipino 2.9 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.7
Hawaiian 3.9 4.0 4.1 *2.6 2.9
Other Asian or Pacific Islander 3.1 2.9 2.8 1.8 1.6
Hispanic or Latino2,3 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.0 1.8
Mexican 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.0 1.8
Puerto Rican 4.0 3.9 3.4 2.7 2.5
Cuban 2.2 2.0 1.6 *1.3 1.4
Central and South American 2.5 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.5
Other and unknown Hispanic or Latino 3.7 3.2 3.0 2.3 2.3

TABLE 1.8
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates, according to detailed race and Hispanic origin of mother, selected years 1983–2000
[Data are based on linked birth and death certificates for infants]

1983–854 1986–884 1989–914 1996–984 1999–20014
Not Hispanic or Latino
White3 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.1 1.9
Black or African American3 6.7 6.5 6.1 4.6 4.5
*Estimates are considered unreliable. Rates preceded by an asterisk are based on fewer than 50 events. Rates not shown are based on fewer than 20 events.
1Infant (under 1 year of age), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days–11 months).
2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
3Prior to 1995, data shown only for states with an Hispanic-origin item on their birth certificates.
4Average annual mortality rate.
Notes: The race groups white, black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. National linked files do not exist for 1992–94.
SOURCE: "Table 19. Infant, Neonatal, and Postneonatal Mortality Rates, According to Detailed Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother: United States, Selected Years 1983–2000," in Health, United States, 2003, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Hyattsville, MD, 2003

TABLE 1.9
Infant mortality rates and international rankings: selected countries, selected years 1960–99
[Data are based on reporting by countries]

International rankings1
Country2 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1998 19993 1960 1999
Infant4 deaths per 1,000 live births
Australia 20.2 17.9 10.7 8.2 5.7 5.0 5.7 5 22
Austria 37.5 25.9 14.3 7.8 5.4 4.9 4.4 24 9
Belgium 31.2 21.1 12.1 8.0 6.1 5.6 4.9 20 14
Bulgaria 45.1 27.3 20.2 14.8 14.8 14.4 14.5 30 35
Canada 27.3 18.8 10.4 6.8 6.0 5.3 5.3 14 18
Chile 125.1 78.8 33.0 16.0 11.1 10.9 10.1 36 32
Costa Rica 67.8 65.4 20.3 15.3 13.3 12.6 11.8 33 34
Cuba 37.3 38.7 19.6 10.7 9.4 7.1 6.4 23 26
Czech Republic 20.0 20.2 16.9 10.8 7.7 5.2 4.6 4 12
Denmark 21.5 14.2 8.4 7.5 5.1 4.7 4.2 8 7
England and Wales 22.5 18.5 12.1 7.9 6.2 5.7 5.8 8 24
Finland 21.0 13.2 7.6 5.6 4.0 4.1 3.7 6 5
France 27.5 18.2 10.0 7.3 4.9 4.6 4.3 15 8
Germany5 35.0 22.5 12.4 7.0 5.3 4.7 4.5 22 10
Greece 40.1 29.6 17.9 9.7 8.1 6.7 6.2 25 25
Hong Kong 41.5 19.2 11.2 6.2 4.6 3.2 3.1 26 1
Hungary 47.6 35.9 23.2 14.8 10.7 9.7 8.4 31 30
Ireland 29.3 19.5 11.1 8.2 6.3 6.2 5.5 17 19
Israel6 31.0 18.9 15.2 9.9 6.8 5.7 5.7 19 22
Italy 43.9 29.6 14.6 8.2 6.2 5.4 5.1 29 16
Japan 30.7 13.1 7.5 4.6 4.3 3.6 3.4 18 2
Netherlands 17.9 12.7 8.6 7.1 5.5 5.2 5.2 2 17
New Zealand 22.6 16.7 13.0 8.4 6.7 5.5 5.5 10 19
Northern Ireland 27.2 22.9 13.4 7.5 7.1 5.6 6.4 13 26
Norway 18.9 12.7 8.1 7.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3 6
Poland 54.8 36.7 25.5 19.3 13.6 9.5 8.9 32 31
Portugal 77.5 55.5 24.3 11.0 7.5 6.0 5.6 35 21
Puerto Rico 43.3 27.9 18.5 13.4 12.7 10.5 10.6 27 33
Romania 75.7 49.4 29.3 26.9 21.2 20.5 18.6 34 37
Russian Federation7 - - - - - - 22.0 17.6 18.2 16.4 17.1 - - - 36
Scotland 26.4 19.6 12.1 7.7 6.2 5.5 5.0 12 15
Singapore 34.8 21.4 11.7 6.7 4.0 4.2 3.5 21 4
Slovakia 28.6 25.7 20.9 12.0 11.0 8.8 8.3 16 29
Spain 43.7 28.1 12.3 7.6 5.5 4.9 4.5 28 10
Sweden 16.6 11.0 6.9 6.0 4.1 3.5 3.4 1 2
Switzerland 21.1 15.1 9.1 6.8 5.0 4.8 4.6 7 12
United States 26.0 20.0 12.6 9.2 7.6 7.2 7.1 11 28
- - - Data not available.
1Rankings are from lowest to highest infant mortality rates (IMR). Countries with the same IMR receive the same rank. The country with the next highest IMR is assigned the rank it would have received had the lower-ranked countries not been tied, i.e., skip a rank. Some of the variation in infant mortality rates is due to differences among countries in distinguishing between fetal and infant deaths.
2Refers to countries, territories, cities, or geographic areas with at least 1 million population and with "complete" counts of live births and infant deaths as indicated in the United Nations Demographic Yearbook.
3Rates for Israel and New Zealand are from 1998.
4Under 1 year of age.
5Rates for 1990 and earlier years were calculated by combining information from the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic.
6Includes data for East Jerusalem and Israeli residents in certain other territories under occupation by Israel military forces since June 1967.
7Excludes infants born alive after less than 28 weeks' gestation, of less than 1,000 grams in weight and 35 centimeters in length, who die within 7 days of birth.
SOURCE: "Table 25. Infant Mortality Rates and International Rankings: Selected Countries, Selected Years 1960–99," inHealth, United States, 2003, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Hyattsville, MD, 2003

TABLE 1.10
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths, percentage of total deaths, and mortality rates for the 10 leading causes of infant death, by race and sex, 2001
[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days to 11 months) deaths per 100,000 live births in specified group. Data for races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on birth and death certificates. Deaths based on race of decedent; live births based on race of mother.]

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate
Infants, all races, both sexes Infants, white, both sexes
All causes 27,568 100.0 684.8 All causes 17,955 100.0 565.0
1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 5,513 20.0 136.9 1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 4,247 23.7 133.7
2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 4,410 16.0 109.5 2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 2,451 13.7 77.1
3 Sudden infant death syndrome 2,234 8.1 55.5 3 Sudden infant death syndrome 1,406 7.8 44.2
4 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 1,499 5.4 37.2 4 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 915 5.1 28.8
5 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 690 3.8 21.7 5 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 1,018 3.7 25.3
6 Respiratory distress of newborn 1,011 3.7 25.1 6 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 647 3.6 20.4
7 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 976 3.5 24.2 7 Respiratory distress of newborn 630 3.5 19.8
8 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 696 2.5 17.3 8 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 444 2.5 14.0
9 Diseases of the circulatory system 622 2.3 15.4 9 Diseases of the circulatory system 400 2.2 12.6
10 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 534 1.9 13.3 10 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 385 2.1 12.1
All other causes 9,055 32.8 224.9 All other causes 5,740 32.0 180.6
Infants, all races, male Infants, black, both sexes
All causes 15,477 100.0 752.1 All causes 8,498 100.0 1,401.9
1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 2,954 19.1 143.5 1 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 1,835 21.6 302.7
2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 2,426 15.7 117.9 2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 1,032 12.1 170.3
3 Sudden infant death syndrome 1,317 8.5 64.0 3 Sudden infant death syndrome 745 8.8 122.9
4 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 847 5.5 41.2 4 Newborn affected by maternal 537 6.3 88.6
5 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 353 4.2 58.2 5 Respiratory distress of newborn 582 3.8 28.3
6 Respiratory distress of newborn 574 3.7 27.9 6 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 294 3.5 48.5
7 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 541 3.5 26.3 7 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 281 3.3 46.4
8 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 404 2.6 19.6 8 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 226 2.7 37.3
9 Diseases of the circulatory system 326 2.1 15.8 9 Diseases of the circulatory system 191 2.2 31.5
10 Atelectasis 300 1.9 14.6 10 Atelectasis 143 1.7 23.6
All other causes 5,206 33.6 253.0 All other causes 2,861 33.7 472.0
Infants, all races, female Infants, American Indian, both sexes
All causes 12,091 100.0 614.4 All causes 373 100.0 890.8
1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 2,559 21.2 130.0 1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 60 16.1 143.3
2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 1,984 16.4 100.8 2 Sudden infant death syndrome 52 13.9 124.2
3 Sudden infant death syndrome 917 7.6 46.6 3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 32 8.6 76.4
4 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 652 5.4 33.1 4 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 30 8.0 71.6
5 Respiratory distress of newborn 437 3.6 22.2 5 Influenza and pneumonia 17 4.6 *
6 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 436 3.6 22.2 6 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 14 3.8 *
6 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 14 3.8 *
7 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 435 3.6 22.1
8 Diseases of the circulatory system 296 2.4 15.0 8 Diseases of the circulatory system 11 2.9 *
9 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 292 2.4 14.8 9 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 8 2.1 *
10 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 239 2.0 12.1 10 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 6 1.6 *
All other causes 3,844 31.8 195.3 10 Atelectasis 6 1.6 *
10 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 6 1.6 *
10 Assault (homicide) 6 1.6 *
All other causes 111 29.8 265.1

TABLE 1.10
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths, percentage of total deaths, and mortality rates for the 10 leading causes of infant death, by race and sex, 2001
[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days to 11 months) deaths per 100,000 live births in specified group. Data for races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on birth and death certificates. Deaths based on race of decedent; live births based on race of mother.]

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate
Infants, all races, both sexes Neonates, all races, female
All causes 742 100.0 370.5 All causes 8,028 100.0 407.9
1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 174 23.5 86.9 1 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 1,946 24.2 98.9
2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 94 12.7 46.9 2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 1,752 21.8 89.0
3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 33 4.4 16.5 3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 649 8.1 33.0
4 Sudden infant death syndrome 31 4.2 15.5 4 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 429 5.3 21.8
5 Respiratory distress of newborn 23 3.1 11.5 5 Respiratory distress of newborn 401 5.0 20.4
6 Diseases of the circulatory system 20 2.7 10.0 6 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 272 3.4 13.8
6 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 20 2.7 10.0 7 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 226 2.8 11.5
6 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 20 2.7 10.0 8 Atelectasis 96 2.4 10.0
9 Neonatal hemorrhage 16 2.2 * 9 Neonatal hemorrhage 188 2.3 9.6
9 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 16 2.2 * 10 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 125 1.6 6.4
All other causes 295 39.8 147.3 All other causes 1,844 23.0 93.7
Neonates, all races, both sexes Neonates, white, both sexes
All causes 8,265 100.0 453.7 All causes 12,013 100.0 378.0
1 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 4,322 23.7 107.4 1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 3,038 25.3 95.6
2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 3,875 21.2 96.3 2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 2,403 20.0 75.6
3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy. 1,491 8.2 37.0 3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 913 7.6 28.7
4 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 998 5.5 24.8 4 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 677 5.6 21.3
5 Respiratory distress of newborn 943 5.2 23.4 5 Respiratory distress of newborn 591 4.9 18.6
6 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 652 3.6 16.2 6 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 422 3.5 13.3
7 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 511 2.8 12.7 7 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 369 3.1 11.6
8 Atelectasis 491 2.7 12.2 8 Atelectasis 333 2.8 10.5
9 Neonatal hemorrhage 444 2.4 11.0 9 Neonatal hemorrhage 326 2.7 10.3
10 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 322 1.8 8.0 10 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 85 1.5 5.8
All other causes 4,216 23.1 104.7 All other causes 2,756 22.9 86.7
Neonates, all races, male Neonates, black, both sexes
All causes 10,237 100.0 497.4 All causes 5,585 100.0 921.4
1 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 2,376 23.2 115.5 1 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 1,795 32.1 296.1
2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 2,123 20.7 103.2 2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 677 12.1 111.7
3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 842 8.2 40.9 3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 531 9.5 87.6
4 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 569 5.6 27.6 4 Respiratory distress of newborn 326 5.8 53.8
5 Respiratory distress of newborn 542 5.3 26.3 5 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 288 5.2 47.5
6 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 380 3.7 18.5 6 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 207 3.7 34.1
7 Atelectasis 295 2.9 14.3 7 Atelectasis 142 2.5 23.4
8 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 285 2.8 13.8 8 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 123 2.2 20.3
9 Neonatal hemorrhage 256 2.5 12.4 9 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 118 2.1 19.5
10 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 197 1.9 9.6 10 Pulmonary hemorrhage originating in the perinatal period 106 1.9 17.5
All other causes 2,372 23.2 115.3 All other causes 1,272 22.8 209.8

TABLE 1.10
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths, percentage of total deaths, and mortality rates for the 10 leading causes of infant death, by race and sex, 2001
[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days to 11 months) deaths per 100,000 live births in specified group. Data for races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on birth and death certificates. Deaths based on race of decedent; live births based on race of mother.]

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate
Neonates, American Indian, both sexes Postneonates, all races, male
All causes 179 100.0 427.5 All causes 5,240 100.0 254.6
1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 39 21.8 93.1 1 Sudden infant death syndrome 1,225 23.4 59.5
2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 30 16.8 71.6 2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 831 15.9 40.4
3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy 14 7.8 * 3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 486 9.3 23.6
4 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 13 7.3 * 4 Diseases of the circulatory system 213 4.1 10.4
5 Sudden infant death syndrome 10 5.6 * 5 Septicemia 174 3.3 8.5
6 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 7 3.9 * 6 Assault (homicide) 169 3.2 8.2
7 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 6 3.4 * 7 Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period 156 3.0 7.6
7 Atelectasis 6 3.4 * 8 Influenza and pneumonia 151 2.9 7.3
9 Respiratory distress of newborn 5 2.8 * 9 Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis 126 2.4 6.1
9 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 5 2.8 * 10 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 50 1.0 2.4
All other causes 44 24.6 105.1 All other causes 1,659 31.7 80.6
Neonates, Asian or Pacific Islander, both sexes Postneonates, all races, female
All causes 488 100.0 243.7 All causes 4,063 100.0 206.5
1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 121 24.8 60.4 1 Sudden infant death syndrome 822 20.2 41.8
2 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 94 19.3 46.9 2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 807 19.9 41.0
3 Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy. 33 6.8 16.5 3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 385 9.5 19.6
4 Respiratory distress of newborn 21 4.3 10.5 4 Diseases of the circulatory system 192 4.7 9.8
5 Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes 20 4.1 10.0 5 Septicemia 138 3.4 7.0
6 Bacterial sepsis of newborn 18 3.7 * 6 Influenza and pneumonia 126 3.1 6.4
7 Neonatal hemorrhage 16 3.3 * 7 Assault (homicide) 110 2.7 5.6
8 Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia 13 2.7 * 8 Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period 104 2.6 5.3
9 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 12 2.5 * 9 Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis 88 2.2 4.5
10 Pulmonary hemorrhage originating in the perinatal period 11 2.3 * 10 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 38 0.9 1.9
All other causes 1,253 30.8 63.7 All other causes 129 26.4 64.4
Postneonates, white, both sexes Postneonates, all races, both sexes
All causes 9,303 100.0 231.1 All causes 5,942 100.0 187.0
1 Sudden infant death syndrome 2,047 22.0 50.8 1 Sudden infant death syndrome 1,278 21.5 40.2
2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 1,638 17.6 40.7 2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 1,209 20.3 38.0
3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 871 9.4 21.6 3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 576 9.7 18.1
4 Diseases of the circulatory system 405 4.4 10.1 4 Diseases of the circulatory system 250 4.2 7.9
5 Septicemia 312 3.4 7.7 5 Septicemia 171 2.9 5.4
6 Assault (homicide) 279 3.0 6.9 6 Assault (homicide) 166 2.8 5.2
7 Influenza and pneumonia 277 3.0 6.9 7 Influenza and pneumonia 152 2.6 4.8
8 Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period 260 2.8 6.5 8 Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period 142 2.4 4.5
9 Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis 214 2.3 5.3 9 Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis 102 1.7 3.2
10 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 88 0.9 2.2 10 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism 56 0.9 1.8
All other causes 2,912 31.3 72.3 All other causes 1,840 31.0 57.9

TABLE 1.10
Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal deaths, percentage of total deaths, and mortality rates for the 10 leading causes of infant death, by race and sex, 2001
[Rates are infant (under 1 year), neonatal (under 28 days), and postneonatal (28 days to 11 months) deaths per 100,000 live births in specified group. Data for races other than white and black should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on birth and death certificates. Deaths based on race of decedent; live births based on race of mother.]

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), race, and sex Number Percent of total deaths Mortality rate
Postneonates, black, both sexes Postneonates, Asian or Pacific Islander, both sexes
All causes 2,913 100.0 480.6 All causes 254 100.0 126.8
1 Sudden infant death syndrome 700 24.0 115.5 1 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities chromosomal abnormalities 53 20.9 26.5
2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 355 12.2 58.6 2 Sudden infant death syndrome 27 10.6 13.5
3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 251 8.6 41.4 3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 14 5.5 *
4 Diseases of the circulatory system 136 4.7 22.4 4 Septicemia 11 4.3 *
5 Septicemia 126 4.3 20.8 5 Diseases of the circulatory system 10 3.9 *
6 Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period 113 3.9 18.6 6 Influenza and pneumonia 8 3.1 *
7 Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis 106 3.6 17.5 7 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism 5 2.0 *
8 Assault (homicide) 102 3.5 16.8 7 Assault (homicide) 5 2.0 *
9 Influenza and pneumonia 100 3.4 16.5 9 Chronic respiratory disease originating in the perinatal period 4 1.6 *
10 Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified 40 1.4 6.6 10 Malignant neoplasms 3 1.2 *
All other causes 884 30.3 145.8 10 Volume depletion, disorders of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance 3 1.2 *
Postneonates, American Indian, both sexes
All causes 194 100.0 463.3 10 Infantile cerebral palsy 3 1.2 *
1 Sudden infant death syndrome 42 21.6 100.3 10 Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis 3 1.2 *
2 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 30 15.5 71.6 10 Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn 3 1.2 *
3 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 21 10.8 50.2 All other causes 102 40.2 50.9
4 Influenza and pneumonia 17 8.8 *
5 Diseases of the circulatory system 9 4.6 *
6 Assault (homicide) 6 3.1 *
7 Septicemia 4 2.1 *
8 Malignant neoplasms 3 1.5 *
8 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism 3 1.5 *
8 Gastritis, duodenitis, and noninfective enteritis and colitis 3 1.5 *
All other causes 56 28.9 133.7
… Category not applicable.
* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision.
Note: Rank based on number of deaths.
SOURCE: Adapted from "Table 3. Infant, Neonatal, and Postneonatal Deaths, Percentage of Total Deaths, and Mortality Rates for the 10 Leading Causes of Infant Death, by Race and Sex: United States, 2001," in Deaths: Leading Causes for 2001, vol. 52, no. 9, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, November 7, 2003

TABLE 1.11
Life expectancy at birth, at 65 years of age, and at 75 years of age, according to race and sex, selected years 1900–2001
[Data are based on death certificates]

All races White Black or African American1
Specified age and year Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female
At birth Remaining life expectancy in years
19002,3 47.3 46.3 48.3 47.6 46.6 48.7 33.0 32.5 33.5
19503 68.2 65.6 71.1 69.1 66.5 72.2 60.8 59.1 62.9
19603 69.7 66.6 73.1 70.6 67.4 74.1 63.6 61.1 66.3
1970 70.8 67.1 74.7 71.7 68.0 75.6 64.1 60.0 68.3
1980 73.7 70.0 77.4 74.4 70.7 78.1 68.1 63.8 72.5
1985 74.7 71.1 78.2 75.3 71.8 78.7 69.3 65.0 73.4
1990 75.4 71.8 78.8 76.1 72.7 79.4 69.1 64.5 73.6
1991 75.5 72.0 78.9 76.3 72.9 79.6 69.3 64.6 73.8
1992 75.8 72.3 79.1 76.5 73.2 79.8 69.6 65.0 73.9
1993 75.5 72.2 78.8 76.3 73.1 79.5 69.2 64.6 73.7
1994 75.7 72.4 79.0 76.5 73.3 79.6 69.5 64.9 73.9
1995 75.8 72.5 78.9 76.5 73.4 79.6 69.6 65.2 73.9
1996 76.1 73.1 79.1 76.8 73.9 79.7 70.2 66.1 74.2
1997 76.5 73.6 79.4 77.1 74.3 79.9 71.1 67.2 74.7
1998 76.7 73.8 79.5 77.3 74.5 80.0 71.3 67.6 74.8
1999 76.7 73.9 79.4 77.3 74.6 79.9 71.4 67.8 74.7
20004 77.0 74.3 79.7 77.6 74.9 80.1 71.9 68.3 75.2
20015 77.2 74.4 79.8 77.7 75.0 80.2 72.2 68.6 75.5
At 65 years
19503 13.9 12.8 15.0 - - - 12.8 15.1 13.9 12.9 14.9
19603 14.3 12.8 15.8 14.4 12.9 15.9 13.9 12.7 15.1
1970 15.2 13.1 17.0 15.2 13.1 17.1 14.2 12.5 15.7
1980 16.4 14.1 18.3 16.5 14.2 18.4 15.1 13.0 16.8
1985 16.7 14.5 18.5 16.8 14.5 18.7 15.2 13.0 16.9
1990 17.2 15.1 18.9 17.3 15.2 19.1 15.4 13.2 17.2
1991 17.4 15.3 19.1 17.5 15.4 19.2 15.5 13.4 17.2
1992 17.5 15.4 19.2 17.6 15.5 19.3 15.7 13.5 17.4
1993 17.3 15.3 18.9 17.4 15.4 19.0 15.5 13.4 17.1
1994 17.4 15.5 19.0 17.5 15.6 19.1 15.7 13.6 17.2
1995 17.4 15.6 18.9 17.6 15.7 19.1 15.6 13.6 17.1
1996 17.5 15.7 19.0 17.6 15.8 19.1 15.8 13.9 17.2
1997 17.7 15.9 19.2 17.8 16.0 19.3 16.1 14.2 17.6
1998 17.8 16.0 19.2 17.8 16.1 19.3 16.1 14.3 17.4
1999 17.7 16.1 19.1 17.8 16.1 19.2 16.0 14.3 17.3
20004 18.0 16.2 19.3 18.0 16.3 19.4 16.2 14.2 17.7
20015 18.1 16.4 19.4 18.2 16.5 19.5 16.4 14.4 17.9
At 75 years
1980 10.4 8.8 11.5 10.4 8.8 11.5 9.7 8.3 10.7
1985 10.6 9.0 11.7 10.6 9.0 11.7 10.1 8.7 11.1
1990 10.9 9.4 12.0 11.0 9.4 12.0 10.2 8.6 11.2
1991 11.1 9.5 12.1 11.1 9.5 12.1 10.2 8.7 11.2
1992 11.2 9.6 12.2 11.2 9.6 12.2 10.4 8.9 11.4
1993 10.9 9.5 11.9 11.0 9.5 12.0 10.2 8.7 11.1
1994 11.0 9.6 12.0 11.1 9.6 12.0 10.3 8.9 11.2
1995 11.0 9.7 11.9 11.1 9.7 12.0 10.2 8.8 11.1
1996 11.1 9.8 12.0 11.1 9.8 12.0 10.3 9.0 11.2
1997 11.2 9.9 12.1 11.2 9.9 12.1 10.7 9.3 11.5
1998 11.3 10.0 12.2 11.3 10.0 12.2 10.5 9.2 11.3
1999 11.2 10.0 12.1 11.2 10.0 12.1 10.4 9.2 11.1
20004 11.4 10.1 12.3 11.4 10.1 12.3 10.7 9.2 11.6
20015 11.5 10.2 12.4 11.5 10.2 12.3 10.8 9.3 11.7
1Data shown for 1900–60 are for the nonwhite population.
2Death registration area only. The death registration area increased from 10 states and the District of Columbia in 1900 to the coterminous United States in 1933.
3Includes deaths of persons who were not residents of the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
4Life expectancies (LEs) for 2000 were computed using population counts from Census 2000.
5Life expectancies for 2001 were computed using 2000-based postcensal estimates.
Notes: Populations used for computing life expectancy and other life table values for 1991–1999 are postcensal estimates of U.S. resident population, based on the 1990 census.
SOURCE: "Table 27. Life Expectancy at Birth, at 65 Years of Age, and at 75 Years of Age, According to Race and Sex: United States, Selected Years 1900–2001," in Health, United States, 2003, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Hyattsville, MD, 2003

TABLE 1.12
Deaths, percentage of total deaths, and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in selected age groups, by Hispanic origin, race, and sex, 2001
[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of misreporting of Hispanic origin on the death certificate. Figures include September 11, 2001, related deaths for which death certificates were filed as of October 24, 2002.]

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2 Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2
Hispanic, both sexes, all ages Hispanic, both sexes, 15–19 years
All causes 113,413 100.0 306.8 All causes 1,998 100.0 63.1
1 Diseases of heart 27,090 23.9 73.3 1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 879 44.0 27.8
2 Malignant neoplasms 22,371 19.7 60.5 2 Assault (homicide) 436 21.8 13.8
3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 9,523 8.4 25.8 3 ntentional self-harm (suicide) 166 8.3 5.2
4 Cerebrovascular diseases 6,416 5.7 17.4 4 Malignant neoplasms 143 7.2 4.5
5 Diabetes mellitus 5,663 5.0 15.3 5 Diseases of heart 45 2.3 1.4
6 Assault (homicide) 3,331 2.9 9.0 6 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 32 1.6 1.0
7 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 3,301 2.9 8.9 7 Cerebrovascular diseases 13 0.7 *
8 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 2,832 2.5 7.7 8 Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium 9
9 Influenza and pneumonia 2,722 2.4 7.4 9 Diabetes mellitus 8 0.4 *
10 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 2,227 2.0 6.0 10 Influenza and pneumonia 7 0.4 *
10 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 7 0.4 * 0.5 *
10 Legal intervention 7 0.4 *
All other causes 27,937 24.6 75.6 10 All causes 246 12.3 7.8
Hispanic, both sexes, 1–4 years Hispanic, both sexes, 20–24 years
All causes 917 100.0 30.6 All causes 3,060 100.0 86.9
1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 310 33.8 10.3 1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 1,303 42.6 37.0
2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities. 103 11.2 3.4 2 Assault (homicide) 786 25.7 22.3
3 Malignant neoplasms 84 9.2 2.8 3 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 248 8.1 7.0
4 Assault (homicide) 69 7.5 2.3 4 Malignant neoplasms 146 4.8 4.1
5 Diseases of heart 33 3.6 1.1 5 Diseases of heart 67 2.2 1.9
6 Influenza and pneumonia 32 3.5 1.1 6 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 41 1.3 1.2
7 Septicemia 18 2.0 * 7 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 28 0.9 0.8
8 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 14 1.5 * 8 Cerebrovascular diseases 27 0.9 0.8
9 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 13 1.4 * 9 Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium 17 0.6 *
10 Cerebrovascular diseases 10 1.1 * 10 Legal intervention 16 0.5 *
All other causes 231 25.2 7.7 All other causes 381 12.5 10.8
Hispanic, both sexes, 5–9 years Hispanic, both sexes, 25–34 years
All causes 480 100.0 13.0 All causes 5,797 100.0 84.5
1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 186 38.8 5.0 1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 1,938 33.4 28.2
2 Malignant neoplasms 87 18.1 2.4 2 Assault (homicide) 960 16.6 14.0
3 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 28 5.8 0.8 3 Malignant neoplasms 497 8.6 7.2
4 Assault (homicide) 20 4.2 0.5 4 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 490 8.5 7.1
5 Diseases of heart 17 3.5 * 5 Diseases of heart 314 5.4 4.6
6 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 14 2.9 * 6 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 300 5.2 4.4
7 Septicemia 8 1.7 * 7 Cerebrovascular diseases 99 1.7 1.4
8 Cerebrovascular diseases 7 1.5 * 8 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 81 1.4 1.2
9 Influenza and pneumonia 5 1.0 * 9 Diabetes mellitus 49 0.8 0.7
10 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 3 0.6 * 10 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 45 0.8 0.7
All other causes 105 21.9 2.8 All other causes 1,024 17.7 14.9
Hispanic, both sexes, 5–44 years Hispanic, both sexes, 10–14 years
All causes 558 100.0 16.6 All causes 8,441 100.0 154.8
1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 193 34.6 5.7 1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 1,760 20.9 32.3
2 Malignant neoplasms 90 16.1 2.7 2 Malignant neoplasms 1,396 16.5 25.6
3 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 37 6.6 1.1 3 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 759 9.0 13.9
4 Assault (homicide) 36 6.5 1.1 4 Diseases of heart 750 8.9 13.8
5 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 30 5.4 0.9 5 Assault (homicide) 567 6.7 10.4
6 Diseases of heart 21 3.8 0.6 6 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 530 6.3 9.7
7 Septicemia 10 1.8 * 7 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 397 4.7 7.3
8 Cerebrovascular diseases 9 1.6 * 8 Cerebrovascular diseases 275 3.3 5.0
9 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 7 1.3 * 9 Diabetes mellitus 167 2.0 3.1
9 Chronic lower respiratory respiratory diseases 7 1.3 * 10 Viral hepatitis 126 1.5 2.3
All other causes 118 21.1 3.5 All other causes 1,714 20.3 31.4

TABLE 1.12
Deaths, percentage of total deaths, and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in selected age groups, by Hispanic origin, race, and sex, 2001
[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of misreporting of Hispanic origin on the death certificate. Figures include September 11, 2001, related deaths for which death certificates were filed as of October 24, 2002]

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2 Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2
Hispanic, both sexes, 45–54 years Hispanic, both sexes, 75–84 years
All causes 11,362 100.0 334.4 All causes 23,637 100.0 4,262.6
1 Malignant neoplasms 2,815 24.8 82.8 1 Diseases of heart 7,632 32.3 1,376.3
2 Diseases of heart 1,875 16.5 55.2 2 Malignant neoplasms 5,068 21.4 913.9
3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 1,078 9.5 31.7 3 Cerebrovascular diseases 1,892 8.0 341.2
4 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 951 8.4 28.0 4 Diabetes mellitus 1,548 6.5 279.2
5 Cerebrovascular diseases 539 4.7 15.9 5 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 940 4.0 169.5
6 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 526 4.6 15.5 6 Influenza and pneumonia 761 3.2 137.2
7 Diabetes mellitus 507 4.5 14.9 7 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 524 2.2 94.5
8 Viral hepatitis 266 2.3 7.8 8 Alzheimer's disease 465 2.0 83.9
9 Assault homicide) 248 2.2 7.3 9 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 409 1.7 73.8
10 Intentional self-harm suicide) 239 2.1 7.0 10 Septicemia 346 1.5 62.4
All other causes 2,318 20.4 68.2 All other causes 4,052 17.1 730.7
Hispanic, both sexes, 55–64 years Hispanic, both sexes, 85 years and over
All causes 13,337 100.0 722.2 All causes 18,907 100.0 11,821.8
1 Malignant neoplasms 4,126 0.9 223.4 1 Diseases of heart 7,369 39.0 4,607.5
2 Diseases of heart 3,152 23.6 170.7 2 Malignant neoplasms 2,181 11.5 1,363.7
3 Diabetes mellitus 982 7.4 53.2 3 Cerebrovascular diseases 1,668 8.8 1,042.9
4 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 721 5.4 39.0 4 Influenza and pneumonia 1,056 5.6 660.3
5 Cerebrovascular diseases 654 4.9 35.4 5 Diabetes mellitus 783 4.1 489.6
6 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 564 4.2 30.5 6 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 768 4.1 480.2
7 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 258 1.9 14.0 7 Alzheimer's disease 639 3.4 399.5
8 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 237 1.8 12.8 8 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 355 1.9 222.0
9 Viral hepatitis 192 1.4 10.4 9 Septicemia 274 1.4 171.3
10 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 169 1.3 9.2 10 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 266 1.4 166.3
All other causes 2,282 17.1 123.6 All other causes 3,548 18.8 2,218.4
Hispanic, both sexes, 65 years and over Hispanic, male, all ages3
All causes 62,716 100.0 3,389.6 All causes 63,317 100.0 332.9
1 Diseases of heart 20,731 33.1 1,120.4 1 Diseases of heart 14,195 22.4 74.6
2 Malignant neoplasms 12,973 20.7 701.1 2 Malignant neoplasms 11,825 18.7 62.2
3 Cerebrovascular diseases 4,766 7.6 257.6 3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 7,157 11.3 37.6
4 Diabetes mellitus 3,935 6.3 212.7 4 Cerebrovascular diseases 2,982 4.7 15.7
5 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 2,342 3.7 126.6 5 Assault (homicide) 2,756 4.4 14.5
6 Influenza and pneumonia 2,219 3.5 119.9 6 Diabetes mellitus 2,590 4.1 13.6
7 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 1,349 2.2 72.9 7 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 2,410 3.8 12.7
8 Alzheimer's disease 1,216 1.9 65.7 8 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 1,576 2.5 8.3
9 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 1,129 1.8 61.0 9 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 1,482 2.3 7.8
10 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 1,012 1.6 54.7 10 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1,437 2.3 7.6
All other causes 11,044 17.6 596.9 All other causes 14,907 23.5 78.4
Hispanic, both sexes, 65–74 years Hispanic, female, all ages3
All causes 20,172 100.0 1,776.0 All causes 50,096 100.0 279.0
1 Diseases of heart 5,730 28.4 504.5 1 Diseases of heart 12,895 25.7 71.8
2 Malignant neoplasms 5,724 28.4 504.0 2 Malignant neoplasms 10,546 21.1 58.7
3 Diabetes mellitus 1,604 8.0 141.2 3 Cerebrovascular diseases 3,434 6.9 19.1
4 Cerebrovascular diseases 1,206 6.0 106.2 4 Diabetes mellitus 3,073 6.1 17.1
5 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 634 3.1 55.8 5 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 2,366 4.7 13.2
6 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 618 3.1 54.4 6 Influenza and pneumonia 1,413 2.8 7.9
7 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 470 2.3 41.4 7 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 1,350 2.7 7.5
8 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 454 2.3 40.0 8 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 965 1.9 5.4
9 Influenza and pneumonia 402 2.0 35.4 9 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 959 1.9 5.3
10 Septicemia 288 1.4 25.4 10 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 891 1.8 5.0
All other causes 3,042 15.1 267.8 All other causes 12,204 24.4 68.0

TABLE 1.12
Deaths, percentage of total deaths, and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in selected age groups, by Hispanic origin, race, and sex, 2001
[Rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Data for Hispanic persons are not tabulated by race; data for non-Hispanic persons are tabulated by race. Data for Hispanic origin should be interpreted with caution because of misreporting of Hispanic origin on the death certificate. Figures include September 11, 2001, related deaths for which death certificates were filed as of October 24, 2002]

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2 Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2
Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, all ages3 Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 15–19 years
All causes 1,962,810 100.0 991.1 All causes 8,264 100.0 63.4
1 Diseases of heart 582,349 29.7 294.1 1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 4,692 56.8 36.0
2 Malignant neoplasms 456,709 23.3 230.6 2 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 1,217 14.7 9.3
3 Cerebrovascular diseases 133,879 6.8 67.6 3 Malignant neoplasms 448 5.4 3.4
4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 110,753 5.6 55.9 4 Assault (homicide) 382 4.6 2.9
5 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 76,262 3.9 38.5 5 Diseases of heart 186 2.3 1.4
6 Influenza and pneumonia 51,952 2.6 26.2 6 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 157 1.9 1.2
7 Diabetes mellitus 51,482 2.6 26.0 7 Cerebrovascular diseases 40 0.5 0.3
8 Alzheimer's disease 49,030 2.5 24.8 8 Influenza and pneumonia 39 0.5 0.3
9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 29,449 1.5 14.9 9 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 33 0.4 0.3
10 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 25,813 1.3 13.0 10 Septicemia 32 0.4 0.2
All other causes 395,132 20.1 199.5 All other causes 1,038 12.6 8.0
Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 1–4 years Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 20–24 years
All causes 10,466 100.0 85.4
1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 1,006 36.3 10.9 1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 5,175 49.4 42.2
2 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 287 10.4 3.1 2 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 1,709 16.3 13.9
3 Malignant neoplasms 268 9.7 2.9 3 Assault (homicide) 676 6.5 5.5
4 Assault (homicide) 160 5.8 1.7 4 Malignant neoplasms 628 6.0 5.1
5 Diseases of heart 108 3.9 1.2 5 Diseases of heart 336 3.2 2.7
6 Septicemia 63 2.3 0.7 6 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 145 1.4 1.2
7 Influenza and pneumonia 48 1.7 0.5 7 Influenza and pneumonia 69 0.7 0.6
8 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 36 1.3 0.4 8 Cerebrovascular diseases 58 0.6 0.5
9 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 34 1.2 0.4 9 Diabetes mellitus 46 0.4 0.4
10 Cerebrovascular diseases 28 1.0 0.3 10 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 42 0.4 0.3
All other causes 734 26.5 8.0 All other causes 1,582 15.1 12.9
Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 5–9 years Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 25–34 years
All causes 1,777 100.0 14.5 All causes 24,191 100.0 96.4
1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 722 40.6 5.9 1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 7,798 32.2 31.1
2 Malignant neoplasms 302 17.0 2.5 2 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 3,871 16.0 15.4
3 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 111 6.2 0.9 3 Malignant neoplasms 2,594 10.7 10.3
4 Assault (homicide) 82 4.6 0.7 4 Diseases of heart 1,775 7.3 7.1
5 Diseases of heart 52 2.9 0.4 5 Assault (homicide) 1,642 6.8 6.5
6 Influenza and pneumonia 28 1.6 0.2 6 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 519 2.1 2.1
7 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 24 1.4 0.2 7 Diabetes mellitus 335 1.4 1.3
8 Cerebrovascular diseases 21 1.2 0.2 8 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 330 1.4 1.3
9 Septicemia 17 1.0 * 9 Cerebrovascular diseases 320 1.3 1.3
10 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 16 0.9 * 10 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 227 0.9 0.9
All other causes 402 22.6 3.3 All other causes 4,780 19.8 19.1
Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 35–44 years Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 10–14 years
All causes 2,374 100.0 18.0 All causes 59,546 100.0 188.3
1 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 966 40.7 7.3 1 Malignant neoplasms 11,551 19.4 36.5
2 Malignant neoplasms 305 12.8 2.3 2 Accidents (unintentional njuries) 11,340 19.0 35.9
3 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 178 7.5 1.3 3 Diseases of heart 8,734 14.7 27.6
4 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 115 4.8 0.9 4 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 5,604 9.4 17.7
5 Diseases of heart 100 4.2 0.8 5 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 2,212 3.7 7.0
6 Assault (homicide) 82 3.5 0.6 6 Assault (homicide) 2,081 3.5 6.6
7 In situ neoplasms, benign neoplasms and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior 32 1.3 0.2 7 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease 1,911 3.2 6.0
8 Influenza and pneumonia 29 1.2 0.2 8 Cerebrovascular diseases 1,333 2.2 4.2
9 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 23 1.0 0.2 9 Diabetes mellitus 1,233 2.1 3.9
10 Cerebrovascular diseases 21 0.9 0.2 10 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 613 1.0 1.9
All other causes 12,934 21.7 40.9 All other causes 523 22.0 4.0

TABLE 1.12
Deaths, percentage of total deaths, and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in selected age groups, by Hispanic origin, race, and sex, 2001

Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2 Rank1 Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, 1992), Hispanic origin, sex, and age Number2 Percent of deaths Rate2
Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 45–54 years Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 75–84 years
All causes 117,086 100.0 396.0 All causes 603,143 100.0 5,604.4
1 Malignant neoplasms 36,836 31.5 124.6 1 Diseases of heart 185,536 30.8 1,724.0
2 Diseases of heart 25,544 21.8 86.4 2 Malignant neoplasms 142,760 23.7 1,326.5
3 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 9,704 8.3 32.8 3 Cerebrovascular diseases 47,304 7.8 439.5
4 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 5,292 4.5 17.9 4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 43,972 7.3 408.6
5 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 5,035 4.3 17.0 5 Diabetes mellitus 17,507 2.9 162.7
6 Diabetes mellitus 3,332 2.8 11.3 6 Alzheimer's disease 16,742 2.8 155.6
7 Cerebrovascular diseases 3,200 2.7 10.8 7 Influenza and pneumonia 15,837 2.6 147.2
8 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 2,570 2.2 8.7 8 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 11,157 1.8 103.7
9 Assault (homicide) 1,373 1.2 4.6 9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 10,398 1.7 96.6
10 Viral hepatitis 1,364 1.2 4.6 10 Septicemia 8,352 1.4 77.6
All other causes 22,836 19.5 77.2 All other causes 103,578 17.2 962.4
Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 55–64 years Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 85 years and over
All causes 184,109 100.0 924.0 All causes 589,269 100.0 15,371.2
1 Malignant neoplasms 71,389 38.8 358.3 1 Diseases of heart 221,430 37.6 5,776.0
2 Diseases of heart 46,433 25.2 233.0 2 Malignant neoplasms 68,053 11.5 1,775.2
3 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 9,678 5.3 48.6 3 Cerebrovascular diseases 58,461 9.9 1,525.0
4 Cerebrovascular diseases 6,208 3.4 31.2 4 Alzheimer's disease 28,720 4.9 749.2
5 Diabetes mellitus 6,118 3.3 30.7 5 Influenza and pneumonia 26,602 4.5 693.9
6 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 5,776 3.1 29.0 6 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 25,950 4.4 676.9
7 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 4,189 2.3 21.0 7 Diabetes mellitus 11,402 1.9 297.4
8 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 2,979 1.6 15.0 8 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 11,092 1.9 289.3
9 Septicemia 2,081 1.1 10.4 9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 10,723 1.8 279.7
10 Influenza and pneumonia 1,963 1.1 9.9 10 Septicemia 7,498 1.3 195.6
All other causes 27,295 14.8 137.0 All other causes 119,338 20.3 3,113.0
Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 65 years and over Non-Hispanic white, male, all ages3
All causes 945,967 100.0 975.6 All causes 1,538,801 100.0 5,217.9
1 Diseases of heart 498,821 32.4 1,691.4 1 Diseases of heart 280,713 29.7 289.5
2 Malignant neoplasms 332,342 21.6 1,126.9 2 Malignant neoplasms 236,004 24.9 243.4
3 Cerebrovascular diseases 122,603 8.0 415.7 3 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 52,952 5.6 54.6
4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 97,615 6.3 331.0 4 Cerebrovascular diseases 50,382 5.3 52.0
5 Alzheimer's disease 48,482 3.2 164.4 5 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 48,180 5.1 49.7
6 Influenza and pneumonia 47,653 3.1 161.6 6 Diabetes mellitus 24,302 2.6 25.1
7 Diabetes mellitus 40,373 2.6 136.9 7 Influenza and pneumonia 22,389 2.4 23.1
8 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 28,558 1.9 96.8 8 Intentional self-harm (suicide) 20,710 2.2 21.4
9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 26,105 1.7 88.5 9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 14,331 1.5 14.8
10 Septicemia 20,235 1.3 68.6 10 Alzheimer's disease 14,295 1.5 14.7
All other causes 276,014 17.9 935.9 All other causes 181,709 19.2 187.4
Non-Hispanic white, female, all ages3 Non-Hispanic white, both sexes, 65–74 years
All causes 346,389 100.0 2,325.5 All causes 1,016,843 100.0 1,006.1
1 Malignant neoplasms 121,529 35.1 815.9 1 Diseases of heart 301,636 29.7 298.4
2 Diseases of heart 91,855 26.5 616.7 2 Malignant neoplasms 220,705 21.7 218.4
3 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 27,693 8.0 185.9 3 Cerebrovascular diseases 83,497 8.2 82.6
4 Cerebrovascular diseases 16,838 4.9 113.0 4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 57,801 5.7 57.2
5 Diabetes mellitus 11,464 3.3 77.0 5 Alzheimer's disease 34,735 3.4 34.4
6 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 6,309 1.8 42.4 6 Influenza and pneumonia 29,563 2.9 29.2
7 Influenza and pneumonia 5,214 1.5 35.0 7 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 28,082 2.8 27.8
8 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 4,984 1.4 33.5 8 Diabetes mellitus 27,180 2.7 26.9
9 Septicemia 4,385 1.3 29.4 9 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 15,118 1.5 15.0
10 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 4,307 1.2 28.9 10 Septicemia 13,721 1.3 13.6
All other causes 51,811 15.0 347