School lunch and school breakfast programs, 114, 115t, 116t, 117t
Second Harvest, 34-37
Single-parent families
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 92
children in, 57-58
growth in, 55-57
never-married adults, 60-61
working poor, 70
Social Security Act (1935), 91
Social Security Administration, U.S., 1
Social Security Amendments (1967), 128
Socioeconomic factors and child support receipt, 62
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), 120-121
States
AFDC and TANF expenditure comparisons, 93t, 94, 94t
block grants, 11-12, 14
change in number of families receiving aid, 10t-11t
child care, 142-143
expenditures, 3-5, 3f, 3t, 7f, 152f
flexibility in TANF appropriations, 151-152
job opportunities for TANF recipients, 132, 142
JOBS program, 129-130
maintenance-of-effort levels, 94, 95t
maximum TANF and food benefits, 99t-100t
Medicaid eligibility, 116-118
Medicaid expenditures, 4-5, 7(f1.3), 7(f1.4)
poverty rates, 24, 27t
recipients of AFDC/TANF, 147f
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), 120-121
TANF recipients by type of assistance, 104t
unemployment compensation programs, 65t
unemployment rates, 66t
waivers and welfare-reform law, 9, 13-14
welfare reform, 9, 10-14
welfare work requirements, 133t-141t
work programs, evaluation of, 142
Statistical information
AFDC average payments, historic trends in, 97t
AFDC benefit characteristics, 96t-97t
AFDC/TANF enrollment trends, 100(t 7.8)
AFDC/TANF family recipient numbers compared, 101t
AFDC/TANF recipients, 147f
birth rates for unmarried women, 105f
change in number of families receiving aid, 10t-11t
change in poverty status, 53f
characteristics of AFDC/TANF recipients, 102t
child support, 60t, 63t
children and family structure, 58t
chronic poverty rates, 52(f4.4)
distribution of assets and net worth, 51t
earnings at or below minimum wage, 70t
employment of TANF recipients, 148t-149t
expenditures as percent of gross domestic product, 3t
expenditures for income-tested programs, 2t
federal and state expenditures, 152f
federally administered awards, distribution of, 110t
food and TANF benefits, maximum, 99t-100t
food assistance eligibility, 115t
food security and insecurity, 34f, 36t
food stamp allotments, maximum, 114t
food stamp eligibility, income limits for, 112t
food stamp participation rates, 113t
food stamps, use of, by program type, 37(f3.8)
government transfer payments, 5t
Head Start enrollment, 122t, 123t
health expenditures, 4t
health insurance coverage, 119f, 120(f8.3)
household income, 40t-47t, 71t-74t
household participation in welfare, by program type, 80t-82t, 83t-85t
households and family structure, 57t
housing assistance, 124f, 125t
hunger and housing, 37(f3.9)
hunger prevalence, 35f, 36f
income, median, 29t
income distribution, 48t
income sources, by poverty status, 56f
Job Corps, 131f
labor force participants and poverty status, 75t
length of participation in means-tested programs, 86t-87t
means-tested program participation rates, 88t
Medicaid, children covered by, 120(f8.4)
Medicaid recipients and payments, 121t
Medicare recipients, 119t
multiple federal assistance program recipients, 89t, 90t
National school breakfast program participation, 117t
National school lunch program participation, 116t
net worth, 49f, 50t
poverty, people and families in, 25t, 26t
poverty duration, 52(f4.2), 52(f4.3)
poverty rate for children, 153f
poverty rates, 19f
poverty rates by age, 26f
poverty spells, median length of, 89f
poverty status and labor market problems of workers, 77t
poverty status and work experience, 28t
poverty status of custodial parents, 61(f5.3), (f5.2)
poverty status of families, 76t
recipients by source of payment and eligibility category, 111t
SSI eligibility maximums, 108t
SSI recipients by eligibility basis and age, 108f
state expenditures, 3f
summer youth employment, 129, 129t
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) expenditures, 109t
TANF and AFDC expenditures, 93t, 94t
TANF and food benefits, maximum, 99t-100t
TANF families, maximum aid to, 98t
TANF recipient characteristics, 103t
TANF recipients by type of assistance, 104t
taxes and poverty estimates, 33t
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
State Maintenance-of- Effort requirements, 95t
unemployment indicators, 67t
unemployment rates, 66t
welfare work requirements, 133t-141t
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program participants, 118t
work experience and poverty, 49 t
Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness in America's Cities: 2002, 37
Studies, reports and surveys
America's Families and Living Arrangements (Census Bureau), 56-57
Are Married Parents Really Better Off for Children?: What Research Says about the Effects of Family Structure on Child Well-Being (Parke), 145
Building an Employment Focused Welfare System: Work First and Other Work-Oriented Strategies in Five States (Holcomb et al.), 142
Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project: A Survey of Childhood Hunger in the United States, 32-33
Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2001 (Census Bureau), 61
Does Job Corps Work? Summary of the National Job Corps Study (Burghardt et al.), 130
Dynamics of Economic Well-Being, Poverty 1996-1999 (Census Bureau), 47-49
Former Welfare Families and the Food Stamp Program: The Exodus Continues (Zedlewski and Gruber), 154
Housing Strategies to Strengthen Welfare Policy and Support Working Families (Sard and Waller), 124
Hunger in America, 2001 National Report, 34-37
Income in the United States: 2002 (Census Bureau), 68-69
Indicators of Welfare Dependency (HHS), 55
Is the Unemployment Insurance System a Safety Net for Welfare Recipients Who Exit Welfare for Work? (Rangarajan et al.), 65
Kids Having Kids: A Robin Hood Foundation Special Report on the Costs of Adolescent Childbearing (Maynard), 103, 105
The LIHEAP Databook: A State-by-State Analysis of Home Energy Assistance (Thomson), 123
Meeting the Demand: Hiring Patterns of Welfare Recipients in Four Metropolitan Areas (Holzer and Stoll), 150
National Survey of American Families (Urban Institute), 33
National Survey of WIC Participants, 2001 Final Report (Cole and Kresge), 115-116
Public Views on Welfare Reform and Children in the Current Economy (Lake, Snell, Perry & Associates), 91
"Recent Welfare Reform Research Findings: Implications for TANF Reauthorization and State TANF Policies" (Fremstad), 154-155
Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness in America's Cities: 2002, 37
Survey of Income and Program Participation (Census Bureau), 46-47, 87, 89
Unemployment Insurance: Role as Safety Net for Low-Wage Workers Is Limited (GAO), 64-65
What Welfare Recipients and the Fathers of Their Children Are Saying about Welfare Reform (Burton et al.), 146
Summer youth employment, 129, 129t
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
disability definition, 12
eligibility, 107-108, 108t
recipients by eligibility basis and age, 108f
recipients receiving assistance from multiple programs, 89, 90t
Support services, 142-143, 152-153
Surplus funds, 151
Survey of Income and Program Participation (Census Bureau), 46-47, 87, 89
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